{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T19:45:28Z","timestamp":1789501528260,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]],"date-time":"2022-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647993600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency varies across countries and few data exist in the adult population in Greece.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess vitamin D levels in unselected patients from primary care and to investigate possible correlations with clinical, seasonal, and quality-of-life parameters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this cross-sectional study, 389 consecutive patients were included. They were grouped according to vitamin D status as vitamin D deficient (&amp;lt;20\u00a0ng\/mL) and vitamin D sufficient groups (\u226520\u00a0ng\/mL). Demographic, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) scores were measured and compared between groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vitamin D deficiency (&amp;lt;20\u00a0ng\/mL) was observed in 50.4% of the cohort. Female gender (76% vs 66%, P = 0.026), obesity (42% vs 26%, P = 0.005), and hypertension (55% vs 43%, P = 0.023) were higher in the vitamin D deficiency group compared with the group without deficiency. After multiparametric adjustments (for age, gender, obesity, comorbidities, and seasonality), hypertension (odds ratio [OR] = 2.338, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.257\u20134.349, P = 0.007), excessive daytime sleepiness (ESS &amp;gt;10; OR = 3.345, 95% CI = 1.124\u20139.948, P = 0.029), depressive symptoms (BDI &amp;gt;10; OR = 3.769, 95% CI = 0.984\u201314.443, P = 0.04), and fatigue (FSS &amp;gt;36; OR = 7.157, 95% CI = 0.855\u201359.877, P = 0.04) showed significant independent associations with vitamin D deficiency in specific subgroups of patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>A large proportion of patients in primary care had vitamin D deficiency, independently associated with hypertension, sleepiness, depressive symptoms, and fatigue. Further research is needed in order to determine the role of vitamin D in these patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmac012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,3]],"date-time":"2022-02-03T04:16:40Z","timestamp":1643861800000},"page":"678-684","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Vitamin D levels in primary care patients: correlations with clinical, seasonal, and quality-of-life parameters"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5903-3550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Izolde","family":"Bouloukaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete , Heraklion , Greece"},{"name":"Primary Care Health Center of Kastelli , Heraklion, Crete , Greece"},{"name":"Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete , Heraklion , Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manolis","family":"Markakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care Health Center of Kastelli , Heraklion, Crete , Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodanthi","family":"Pateli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care Health Center of Kastelli , Heraklion, Crete , Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Lyronis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care Health Center of Kastelli , Heraklion, Crete , Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5224-7692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophia","family":"Schiza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete , Heraklion , 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