{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T16:29:07Z","timestamp":1767976147771,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,8]],"date-time":"2022-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Given the widespread impact of COVID-19, it is important to explore any atypical presentations and long-term sequelae associated with this viral infection, including the precipitation of inflammatory arthritis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To identify and summarize clinical reports of acute inflammatory arthritis associated with COVID-19.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systematic review of the PubMed (MEDLINE), Google Scholar, and Cochrane Central databases through January 31, 2022 was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. The inclusion criteria were: human subjects and English language. Data extraction and qualitative synthesis of the demographics, clinical presentations, treatments, and outcomes were performed. Quality assessment was performed using the Joanna-Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 37 articles collectively describing the cases of 54 patients were included. The mean age was 48.2 years (6-78 years). 53.7% of patients were male and 46.3% were female. The onset of articular symptoms varied considerably, and the majority of cases were described as polyarticular (29). The classification of inflammatory arthritis in the included studies was as follows: reactive (19), post-viral (13), new-onset rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (8), crystal-proven arthropathy flare (4), acute viral (2), new-onset psoriatic arthritis (2), flare of preexisting RA (2), and other (4). Arthritis treatment regimens varied but consisted largely of NSAIDs and corticosteroids with most patients experiencing improvement or resolution of their joint symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is limited low-level evidence suggesting that patients may develop acute arthritis during or after SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review highlights the need for further research to elucidate the relationship between COVID-19 and the development of inflammatory arthritis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmac029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]],"date-time":"2022-03-22T20:11:20Z","timestamp":1647979880000},"page":"1116-1134","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The development of inflammatory arthritis following SARS-CoV-2 infection: a systematic review of the literature"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2855-0667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zaira S","family":"Chaudhry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Loma Linda University Medical Center, Occupational Medicine Center , San Bernardino, CA , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Nellessen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Loma Linda University Medical Center, Occupational Medicine Center , San Bernardino, CA , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cesar","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Loma Linda University Medical Center, Occupational Medicine Center , San Bernardino, CA , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akbar","family":"Sharip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Loma Linda University Medical Center, Occupational Medicine Center , San Bernardino, CA , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022112213500186400_CIT0001","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022112213500186400_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.02.003","article-title":"Reactive arthritis or post-infectious arthritis?.","volume":"20","author":"Hannu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022112213500186400_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/38.5.411","article-title":"Chlamydia pneumoniae as a triggering infection in reactive arthritis.","volume":"38","author":"Hannu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"2022112213500186400_CIT0004","volume-title":"Viral arthritis","author":"Tiwari","year":"2020"},{"issue":"8","key":"2022112213500186400_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.3390\/v11080762","article-title":"Viruses and autoimmunity: a review on the potential interaction and molecular mechanisms.","volume":"11","author":"Smatti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022112213500186400_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-019-1977-9","article-title":"Respiratory viral infections and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"21","author":"Joo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"2022112213500186400_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews.","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2022112213500186400_CIT0008","author":"Joanna-Briggs Institute (JBI)."},{"key":"2022112213500186400_CIT0009","article-title":"Comparative analysis of synovial inflammation after SARS-CoV-2 infection.","author":"Alivernini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022112213500186400_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e324","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(21)00067-9","article-title":"Arthritis after SARS-CoV-2 infection.","volume":"3","author":"Baimukhamedov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022112213500186400_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.55563\/clinexprheumatol\/phkldf","article-title":"Palindromic rheumatism following COVID-19 infection evolved to rheumatoid arthritis after COVID-19 reinfection.","volume":"39","author":"Ben-Chetrit","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2022112213500186400_CIT0012","first-page":"33","article-title":"Post COVID inflammation syndrome: different manifestations caused by the virus.","volume":"68","author":"Chandrashekara","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"issue":"7","key":"2022112213500186400_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e232","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keab009","article-title":"Axial presentation of reactive arthritis secondary to COVID-19 infection.","volume":"60","author":"Coath","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"8","key":"2022112213500186400_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.3390\/v13081558","article-title":"Post-COVID-19 arthritis and sacroiliitis: natural history with longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging study in two cases and review of the literature.","volume":"13","author":"Colatutto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022112213500186400_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2021.101585","article-title":"Chronic arthritis related to SARS-CoV-2 infection in a pediatric patient: a case report.","volume":"25","author":"Crivelenti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Braz J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"2022112213500186400_CIT0016","first-page":"e9698","article-title":"Reactive arthritis in a 37-year-old female with SARS-CoV2 infection.","volume":"12","author":"Danssaert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"8","key":"2022112213500186400_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2021-219859","article-title":"Onset of rheumatoid arthritis after COVID-19: coincidence or connected?.","volume":"80","author":"Derksen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2022112213500186400_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-218520","article-title":"Transient monoarthritis and psoriatic skin lesions following COVID-19.","author":"De Stefano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022112213500186400_CIT0019","first-page":"25","article-title":"Can SARS-CoV-2 induce reactive arthritis?.","volume":"39 Suppl 128","author":"Di Carlo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022112213500186400_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1007\/s40744-021-00395-9","article-title":"Seronegative erosive arthritis following SARS-CoV-2 infection.","volume":"9","author":"Drosos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rheumatol Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022112213500186400_CIT0021","first-page":"278","article-title":"Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) complicated with post-viral arthritis.","volume":"45","author":"Fragata","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Reumatol Port"},{"issue":"8","key":"2022112213500186400_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3357","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-020-05550-1","article-title":"Post-COVID-19 arthritis: a case report and literature review.","volume":"40","author":"Gasparotto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022112213500186400_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e241375","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2020-241375","article-title":"Reactive arthritis after COVID-19.","volume":"14","author":"H\u00f8nge","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022112213500186400_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.3521","article-title":"Ten-year-old boy with atypical COVID-19 symptom presentation: a case report.","volume":"9","author":"Houshmand","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Case Rep"},{"issue":"11","key":"2022112213500186400_CIT0025","first-page":"e11761","article-title":"Reactive arthritis after COVID-19 infection.","volume":"12","author":"Jali","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"11","key":"2022112213500186400_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-021-04998-x","article-title":"Reactive arthritis after COVID-19: a case-based review.","volume":"41","author":"Kocyigit","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022112213500186400_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12452","DOI":"10.1002\/emp2.12452","article-title":"A case of SARS-CoV-2-associated arthritis with detection of viral RNA in synovial fluid.","volume":"2","author":"Kuschner","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022112213500186400_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0000000000001560","article-title":"A case of reactive arthritis secondary to coronavirus disease 2019 infection.","volume":"26","author":"Liew","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"2022112213500186400_CIT0029","article-title":"Case series of acute arthritis during COVID-19 admission.","author":"L\u00f3pez-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2022112213500186400_CIT0030","first-page":"6610340","article-title":"COVID-19: an emerging culprit of inflammatory arthritis.","volume":"2021","author":"Mukarram","year":"2021","journal-title":"Case Rep Rheumatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2022112213500186400_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2894","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2021.06.085","article-title":"Bilateral shoulder arthritis in COVID-19 patient after prolonged mechanical ventilation assist: a case report.","volume":"16","author":"Neves","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiol Case Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022112213500186400_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa691","article-title":"A case of psoriatic arthritis triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection.","volume":"60","author":"Novelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022112213500186400_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.8643-21","article-title":"Successful use of certolizumab pegol for refractory psoriatic arthritis triggered by COVID-19 infection.","volume":"61","author":"Ohmura","year":"2022","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022112213500186400_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e001350","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2020-001350","article-title":"Reactive arthritis after COVID-19 infection.","volume":"6","author":"Ono","year":"2020","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"issue":"9","key":"2022112213500186400_CIT0035","first-page":"e18139","article-title":"Reactive arthritis post-SARS-CoV-2.","volume":"13","author":"Ouedraogo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"11","key":"2022112213500186400_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e655","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(20)30348-9","article-title":"Viral arthritis and COVID-19.","volume":"2","author":"Parisi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022112213500186400_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(20)30396-9","article-title":"First flare of ACPA-positive rheumatoid arthritis after SARS-CoV-2 infection.","volume":"3","author":"Perrot","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022112213500186400_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26296","article-title":"The first reactive arthritis case associated with COVID-19.","volume":"93","author":"Saricaoglu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022112213500186400_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa689","article-title":"Reactive arthritis and cutaneous vasculitis after SARS-CoV-2 infection.","volume":"60","author":"Schenker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022112213500186400_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2021.12.028","article-title":"Surgically treated reactive arthritis of the ankle after COVID-19 infection: A case report.","volume":"28","author":"Shimoyama","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022112213500186400_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s40794-021-00142-6","article-title":"Reactive arthritis in the right hip following COVID-19 infection: a case report.","volume":"7","author":"Shokraee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022112213500186400_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/s12969-021-00555-9","article-title":"Post SARS-CoV-2 infection reactive arthritis: a brief report of two pediatric cases.","volume":"19","author":"Sinaei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol Online J"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022112213500186400_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"rkab001","DOI":"10.1093\/rap\/rkab001","article-title":"Reactive arthritis after SARS-CoV-2 infection.","volume":"5","author":"Sureja","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rheumatol Adv Pract"},{"issue":"9","key":"2022112213500186400_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e518","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(20)30216-2","article-title":"Symmetric peripheral polyarthritis developed during SARS-CoV-2 infection.","volume":"2","author":"Talarico","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"key":"2022112213500186400_CIT0045","article-title":"Case of acute arthritis following SARS-CoV-2 infection.","author":"Yokogawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"2022112213500186400_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-020-0451-z","article-title":"COVID-19 revisiting inflammatory pathways of arthritis.","volume":"16","author":"Schett","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022112213500186400_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.17.2.348-369.2004","article-title":"HLA-B27-associated reactive arthritis: pathogenetic and clinical considerations.","volume":"17","author":"Colmegna","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022112213500186400_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2015.05.004","article-title":"Seronegative reactive spondyloarthritis and the skin.","volume":"33","author":"Generali","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2022112213500186400_CIT0049","first-page":"e18620","article-title":"Extra-Articular manifestations in reactive arthritis due to COVID-19.","volume":"13","author":"Santacruz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2022112213500186400_CIT0050","volume-title":"Reactive arthritis","author":"Cheeti","year":"2021"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022112213500186400_CIT0051","first-page":"e13555","article-title":"Approaching reactive arthritis associated with poor prognostic factors: a case report and literature review.","volume":"13","author":"Alexander","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"}],"container-title":["Family Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/fampra\/article-pdf\/39\/6\/1116\/47193087\/cmac029.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/fampra\/article-pdf\/39\/6\/1116\/47193087\/cmac029.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,19]],"date-time":"2023-11-19T04:44:22Z","timestamp":1700369062000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/fampra\/article\/39\/6\/1116\/6565605"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,8]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/fampra\/cmac029","relation":{},"ISSN":["1460-2229"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1460-2229","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,8]]}}}