{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T12:09:05Z","timestamp":1774008545974,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]],"date-time":"2022-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653436800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Screening and management of tobacco, alcohol, and unhealthy drug use by primary care physicians are crucial because a minority of individuals seek medical advice. However, data regarding this practice are limited. The study objective was to assess the screening practices of primary care physicians in Saudi Arabia for tobacco, alcohol, and unhealthy drug use, barriers to screening, and management of such cases.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this cross-sectional study, an online survey was sent to primary care physicians in Saudi Arabia.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 952 physicians participated in the study. Most did not use validated screening tools. A significant proportion of physicians believed that the patient could not answer accurately about using alcohol or drugs and considered it socially unacceptable to ask about these substances. Family physicians screened their patients more frequently for smoking than general practitioners (P &amp;lt; 0.05). More years of experience and practice in the Northern Province of Saudi Arabia were predictors of frequent screening for alcohol and drug use (P &amp;lt; 0.05 and P &amp;lt; 0.01, respectively). Providing information about the risks of these behaviours and brief motivational interviews were the most reported practices.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Most physicians did not utilize validated screening tools. Addressing these barriers is a crucial step in initiating effective screening programmes. Several barriers have been reported from the physicians\u2019 perspective; further study to explore these issues from patients\u2019 perspectives is suggested. Moreover, raising physicians\u2019 awareness about using validated screening tools and locally available services is recommended.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmac048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]],"date-time":"2022-05-04T11:19:17Z","timestamp":1651663157000},"page":"1031-1040","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Screening and management of tobacco, alcohol, and unhealthy drug use in Saudi Arabia: uptake and practices from primary care physicians\u2019 perspective"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8049-237X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nouf A","family":"AlShamlan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University , Dammam , Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022112213491712800_CIT0001","year":"2021"},{"issue":"20","key":"2022112213491712800_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2060","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.6774","article-title":"Primary care-based interventions to prevent illicit drug use in children, adolescents, and young adults: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement.","volume":"323","author":"Krist","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"8","key":"2022112213491712800_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.11406","article-title":"Diagnosis and pharmacotherapy of alcohol use disorder: a 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attitudes on substance use screening during pregnancy.","volume":"40","author":"Ko","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022112213491712800_CIT0018","first-page":"1","article-title":"Factors influencing the implementation of screening and brief interventions for alcohol use in primary care practices: a systematic review using the COM-B system and Theoretical Domains Framework.","volume":"16","author":"Ros\u00e1rio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022112213491712800_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-017-4181-0","article-title":"Screening for behavioral health conditions in primary care settings: a systematic review of the literature.","volume":"33","author":"Mulvaney-Day","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Gen Intern 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