{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T06:10:43Z","timestamp":1790921443792,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]],"date-time":"2024-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Speculum examination is an intrusive practice in the clinical care of women. It requires privacy and patients may experience discomfort or anxiety related to the procedure, which can result in delays or avoidance of necessary healthcare. Speculum self-insertion originated in the United States in the 1970s as part of the self-help movement. However, this clinical practice is largely unknown among healthcare providers and has rarely been assessed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study investigates the women\u2019s views and healthcare providers\u2019 experiences of the self-insertion method.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A qualitative study was conducted between December 2021 and October 2022, including fieldwork combining semi-structured interviews (10 women) and focus groups associated with individual interviews of 13 healthcare providers. The data collected were independently coded by 2 authors and analysed using an inductive approach and grounded theory method.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Speculum self-insertion was described as a way to decrease discomfort and facilitate speculum insertion. Self-insertion was proposed as a means of allowing women to participate in the examination, reducing their vulnerability against power imbalances in the doctor\u2013patient relationship. Both patients and healthcare providers have reported that speculum self-insertion is a method that can contribute to improving trust and communication during the examination.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The practice of speculum self-insertion during the consultation is an alternative to traditional practitioner insertion and may be offered to all women by any practitioner who wishes to use this technique.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmae016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,23]],"date-time":"2024-03-23T00:05:50Z","timestamp":1711152350000},"page":"147-154","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Speculum self-insertion: an alternative method for gynaecological examination?"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Marie-Morgane","family":"Veto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Education and Research in General Practice, Jean Monnet University , Saint-Etienne , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Chazalon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Education and Research in General Practice, Jean Monnet University , Saint-Etienne , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corinne","family":"Atallah-Seive","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Education and Research in General Practice, Jean Monnet University , Saint-Etienne , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodolphe","family":"Charles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Education and Research in General Practice, Jean Monnet University , Saint-Etienne , France"},{"name":"Inserm CIC-EC 1408, University Hospital , Saint-Etienne , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5496-4505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ang\u00e9lique","family":"Savall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Education and Research in General Practice, Jean Monnet University , Saint-Etienne , France"},{"name":"Inserm CIC-EC 1408, University Hospital , Saint-Etienne , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2024041512211345500_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.3917\/cpsy.027.0081","article-title":"Consultation gyn\u00e9cologique et gestion de l\u2019intime","volume":"27","author":"Guyard","year":"2002","journal-title":"Champ psychosomatique"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024041512211345500_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2007.08.006","article-title":"Women\u2019s attitudes and expectations regarding gynaecological examination","volume":"25","author":"Yanikkerem","year":"2009","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024041512211345500_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.3109\/0167482X.2011.560692","article-title":"\u00ab You expose yourself in so many ways \u00bb: young women\u2019s experiences of pelvic examination","volume":"32","author":"Grundstr\u00f6m","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2024041512211345500_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0412.2003.00253.x","article-title":"Women\u2019s experiences of the gynecologic examination: factors associated with discomfort","volume":"82","author":"Hilden","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024041512211345500_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S1083-3188(00)00056-5","article-title":"What does a young girl experience in her first gynecological examination? 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