{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T01:49:00Z","timestamp":1787968140866,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Causal mediation, a quantitative analysis method, has the potential to be a valuable addition to any primary care provider, researcher, or student\u2019s toolbox.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This manuscript describes the theory behind causal mediation, provides a running example to help understand the application of this method in research, and explains how the results may be applied practically to help design appropriate interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and application<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Causal mediation allows an exploration of the mechanism of action of a primary care intervention on an outcome that may pass through a third variable that is on the causal pathway, a mediator. Causal mediation analysis allows the decomposition of the total effect of an intervention on an outcome into both direct and indirect effects. Careful interpretation of generated results can guide decision-makers when devising or refining interventions or policies that affect patient health outcomes in primary care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Causal mediation has been used in many disciplines and is well-positioned to answer varied research questions. However, the full extent of its potential has yet to be realized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmaf043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T09:43:30Z","timestamp":1747993410000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Causal mediation analysis: what is it and how can it be used to inform practice and policy?"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3542-6944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pamela","family":"Fernainy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Management Evaluation and Policy, School of Public Health, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al , 7101 Park Avenue, Montreal, Quebec H3N 1X9 ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Research Centre of the Centre Hospitalier de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al (CRCHUM) , 900 rue Saint\u2011Denis, Montreal, Quebec H2X\u00a00A9 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