{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T03:45:02Z","timestamp":1791431102422,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,19]],"date-time":"2019-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1558224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009874","name":"Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009874","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Polypharmacy carries the risk of adverse events, especially in people with multimorbidity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the prevalence of polypharmacy in community-dwelling adults, the association of multimorbidity with polypharmacy and the use of medications for primary prevention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross-sectional analysis of the follow-up data from the Program of Research on the Evolution of a Cohort Investigating Health System Effects (PRECISE) in Quebec, Canada. Multimorbidity was defined as the presence of three or more chronic diseases and polypharmacy as self-reported concurrent use of five or more medications. Primary prevention was conceptualized as the use of statin or low-dose antiplatelets without a reported diagnostic of cardiovascular disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mean age 56.7 \u00b1 11.6, 62.5% female, 30.3% had multimorbidity, 31.9% had polypharmacy (n = 971). The most common drugs used were statins, renin\u2013angiotensin system inhibitors and psychotropics. Compared to participants without any chronic disease, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for having polypharmacy were 2.78 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.23\u20136.28] in those with one chronic disease, 8.88 (95% CI: 4.06\u201319.20) in those with two chronic diseases and 25.31 (95% CI: 11.77\u201354.41) in those with three or more chronic diseases, P &lt; 0.001. In participants without history of cardiovascular diseases, 16.2% were using antiplatelets and 28.5% were using statins. Multimorbidity was associated with increased likelihood of using antiplatelets (adjusted OR: 2.98, 95% CI: 1.98\u20134.48, P &lt; 0.001) and statins (adjusted OR: 3.76, 95% CI: 2.63\u20135.37, P &lt; 0.001) for primary prevention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was a high prevalence of polypharmacy in community-dwelling adults in Quebec and a strong association with multimorbidity. The use of medications for primary prevention may contribute to polypharmacy and raise questions about safety.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmz023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,13]],"date-time":"2019-05-13T11:12:42Z","timestamp":1557745962000},"page":"706-712","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Multimorbidity, polypharmacy and primary prevention in community-dwelling adults in Quebec: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8836-8920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tu N","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, Quebec"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrice","family":"Ngangue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, Quebec"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeannie","family":"Haggerty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tarek","family":"Bouhali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, Quebec"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Fortin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, Quebec"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019111806103019800_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1089\/pop.2018.0069","article-title":"Recent patterns of multimorbidity among older adults in high-income countries","volume":"22","author":"Ofori-Asenso","year":"2019","journal-title":"Popul Health Manag"},{"key":"2019111806103019800_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-016-2121-4","article-title":"Prevalence of self-reported multimorbidity in the general population and in primary care practices: a cross-sectional study","volume":"9","author":"Mokraoui","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"2019111806103019800_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6341","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e6341","article-title":"Adapting clinical guidelines to take account of multimorbidity","volume":"345","author":"Guthrie","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2019111806103019800_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmu056","article-title":"Multi-drug therapy in chronic condition multimorbidity: a systematic review","volume":"31","author":"Doos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fam Pract"},{"key":"2019111806103019800_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-017-0621-2","article-title":"What is polypharmacy? 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