{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T18:26:17Z","timestamp":1791656777425,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]],"date-time":"2022-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658793600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010761","name":"Syngenta","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["304.PCCB.6501047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["304.PCCB.6501047"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010761","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Paederus beetles are notorious for their irritant haemolymph toxin pederin, which is synthesised by an unculturable bacterial symbiont, causing dermatitis when in contact with human skin. Pederin polymorphism is observed when (+) females carrying the toxin pederin and (\u2212) females lacking this co-occur in natural populations. Despite reports detecting pederin polymorphism in several Paederina beetles, symbiont infection frequencies in their natural populations and the bacterial diversity differences underlying the polymorphism between these female types are understudied. Herein we report a high prevalence (&amp;gt;80%) of female Paederus fuscipes carrying bacterial ped genes in all six study populations. This finding suggests that selection pressure favouring pederin-producing females is crucial for survival in the natural environment. 16S rRNA metabarcoding analysis revealed significant dominance of the unculturable pederin-producing Pseudomonas-like bacterium (Gammaproteobacteria) in (+) females, consistent with previous studies. The microbial diversity of the (\u2212) females revealed a significant abundance of Apibacter (Bacteroidia), previously undocumented, suggesting its importance in the functionality of (\u2212) females. Predicted functions related to metabolisms are enriched in (\u2212) females, suggesting fitness advantage possibilities in sustaining the population in the absence of predation. Further investigations on the possible genetic basis of the host genotype revealed no association of host mtDNA and pederin polymorphism in Pa. fuscipes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/femsec\/fiac087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]],"date-time":"2022-07-27T03:49:26Z","timestamp":1658893766000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Bacterial diversity and community structure shapes pederin polymorphism but lacks association with host genotype specificity in the rove beetle, <i>Paederus fuscipes<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Miao-Ching","family":"Teoh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia , Bayan Lepas, 11900 Penang, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9220-370X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G","family":"Veera\u00a0Singham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia , Bayan Lepas, 11900 Penang, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022082316193515500_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026036","article-title":"Median-joining networks for inferring intraspecific phylogenies","volume":"6","author":"Bandelt","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"2022082316193515500_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.59.030804.121041","article-title":"Biology of bacteriocyte-associated endosymbionts of plant sap-sucking insects","volume":"59","author":"Baumann","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"2022082316193515500_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taw032","article-title":"Literature review of the causes, treatment, and prevention of dermatitis linearis","volume":"23","author":"Beaulieu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"2022082316193515500_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-062821-062319","article-title":"Sequestration of plant defense compounds by insects: from mechanisms to insect\u2013plant coevolution","volume":"67","author":"Beran","year":"2022","journal-title":"Annu Rev Entomol"},{"key":"2022082316193515500_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2311","DOI":"10.2307\/1940886","article-title":"Costs of inducible defense: protein limitation, growth, and detoxification in parsnip webworms","volume":"75","author":"Berenbaum","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"2022082316193515500_bib6","first-page":"216","article-title":"The evolution of unpalatability and the cost of chemical defense in insects","volume-title":"Insect Chemical Ecology: An Evolutionary Approach","author":"Bowers","year":"1992"},{"key":"2022082316193515500_bib7","first-page":"475","article-title":"Automimicry, an extension of mimicry theory","volume":"8","author":"Brower","year":"1968","journal-title":"Am Zool"},{"key":"2022082316193515500_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.57.4.893","article-title":"Plant poisons in a terrestrial food chain","volume":"57","author":"Brower","year":"1967","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"2022082316193515500_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2009.05.005","article-title":"Symbiont-mediated protection in insect hosts","volume":"17","author":"Brownlie","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"2022082316193515500_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.f.303","article-title":"QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data","volume":"7","author":"Caporaso","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"2022082316193515500_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-19080-3_3","article-title":"Chemical defenses of insects: a rich resource for chemical biology in the tropics","volume-title":"Chemical Biology of the Tropics. 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