{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T23:37:25Z","timestamp":1777505845070,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]],"date-time":"2023-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001602","name":"Science Foundation Ireland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFI\/12\/RC\/2273-412 P1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFI\/12\/RC\/2273-412 P1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001602","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001602","name":"Science Foundation Ireland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFI\/12\/RC\/2273-P2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFI\/12\/RC\/2273-P2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001602","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009097","name":"Fondazione Cariparma","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009097","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministry of Health, Italy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GR-2018-12\u2009365\u2009988"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GR-2018-12\u2009365\u2009988"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bifidobacteria have been shown to produce exopolysaccharides (EPS), which are polymeric structures composed of various carbohydrates, commonly containing glucose, galactose, and rhamnose. EPS are produced by different bifidobacterial taxa commonly identified in the human gut, such as Bifidobacterium breve and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum, and have been suggested to modulate the interaction of bifidobacterial cells with other members of the human gut microbiota as well as with their host. In this study, we evaluated if bifidobacterial EPS production of four selected EPS-producing strains is associated with enhanced resistance to antibiotic treatments through MIC analysis when compared to bacterial cultures that do not produce exopolysaccharides. Our results showed that an increase in EPS production by modifying the growth medium with different carbon sources, i.e. glucose, galactose or lactose and\/or by applying stressful conditions, such as bile salts and acidity, is associated with a tolerance enhancement of bifidobacterial cells toward various beta-lactam antibiotics. In addition, after analyzing the production of EPS at the phenotypic level, we explored the genes involved in the production of these structures and evaluated their expression, in presence of various carbon sources, using RNAseq. Overall, this study provides preliminary experimental evidence showing how bifidobacterial EPS modifies the level of susceptibility of these bacteria towards antibiotics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/femsec\/fiad032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]],"date-time":"2023-03-21T02:36:25Z","timestamp":1679366185000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Contribution of the capsular polysaccharide layer to antibiotic resistance in bifidobacteria"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Chiara","family":"Argentini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma , Parma, 43124 , Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Tarracchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma , Parma, 43124 , Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Alessandri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma , Parma, 43124 , Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Longhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma , Parma, 43124 , Italy"},{"name":"GenProbio srl , 43124 Parma , Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5062-3164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Milani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma , Parma, 43124 , Italy"},{"name":"Interdepartmental Research Centre \u201cMicrobiome Research Hub\u201d, University of Parma , 43124 Parma , Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Douwe","family":"van\u00a0Sinderen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"APC Microbiome Institute and School of Microbiology, Bioscience Institute, National University of Ireland , Cork , Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Ventura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma , Parma, 43124 , Italy"},{"name":"Interdepartmental Research Centre \u201cMicrobiome Research Hub\u201d, University of Parma , 43124 Parma , Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2849-9865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Turroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma , Parma, 43124 , Italy"},{"name":"Interdepartmental Research Centre \u201cMicrobiome Research Hub\u201d, University of Parma , 43124 Parma , Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023032920305827600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2009.06.006","article-title":"Relationship between the resistance to bile salts and low pH with exopolysaccharide (EPS) production of bifidobacterium spp. Isolated from infants feces and breast milk","volume":"16","author":"Alp","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"2023032920305827600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu638","article-title":"HTSeq\u2013a Python framework to work with high-throughput sequencing data","volume":"31","author":"Anders","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2023032920305827600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.033720-0","article-title":"Sugar source modulates exopolysaccharide biosynthesis in bifidobacterium longum subsp. 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