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In the laboratory mouse, a key animal model, inter-individual interactions are severely limited and its gut microbiota is abnormal. Surprisingly, our understanding of how inter-individual transmission impacts house mouse gut microbiota is solely derived from laboratory experiments. We investigated the effects of inter-individual transmission on gut microbiota in two subspecies of house mice (Mus musculus musculus and M. m. domesticus) raised in a semi-natural environment without social or mating restrictions. We assessed the correlation between microbiota composition (16S rRNA profiles), social contact intensity (microtransponder-based social networks), and mouse relatedness (microsatellite-based pedigrees). Inter-individual transmission had a greater impact on the lower gut (colon and cecum) than on the small intestine (ileum). In the lower gut, relatedness and social contact independently influenced microbiota similarity. Despite female-biased parental care, both parents exerted a similar influence on their offspring\u2019s microbiota, diminishing with the offspring\u2019s age in adulthood. Inter-individual transmission was more pronounced in M. m. domesticus, a subspecies, with a social and reproductive network divided into more closed modules. This suggests that the transmission magnitude depends on the social and genetic structure of the studied population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/femsec\/fiae075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]],"date-time":"2024-05-11T04:55:52Z","timestamp":1715403352000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The strength of gut microbiota transfer along social networks and genealogical lineages in the house mouse"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"100","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1701-9878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbora","family":"Bendov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University , Prague 128 00 , Czech Republic"},{"name":"Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Brno 603 00 , Czech 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