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Here, we investigated, for the first time, the effect of a turbulence gradient (Reynolds number, from Re\u03bb = 0 to Re\u03bb = 360) on two species of the marine diatom Pseudo-nitzschia and their associated bacterial communities under laboratory conditions. Cell abundance, domoic acid (DA) production, chain formation, and Chl a content of P. fraudulenta and P. multiseries were higher for intermediate turbulence (Re\u03bb = 160 or 240). DA was detectable only in P. multiseries samples. These observations were supported by transcriptomic analyses results, which suggested the turbulence related induction of the expression of the DA production locus, with a linkage to an increased photosynthetic activity of the total metatranscriptome. This study also highlighted a higher richness of the bacterial community associated with the nontoxic strain of P. fraudulenta in comparison to the toxic strain of P. multiseries. Bacillus was an important genus in P. multiseries cultures (relative abundance 15.5%) and its highest abundances coincided with the highest DA levels. However, associated bacterial communities of both Pseudo-nitzschia species did not show clear patterns relative to turbulence intensity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/femsec\/fiae094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,9]],"date-time":"2024-07-09T20:26:20Z","timestamp":1720556780000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effects of turbulence on diatoms of the genus <i>Pseudo-nitzschia<\/i> spp. and associated bacteria"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Yanis","family":"Maire","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 du Littoral C\u00f4te d'Opale, CNRS, Universit\u00e9 de Lille, UMR 8187 LOG , 32 Ave. Foch, F-62930 Wimereux , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois G","family":"Schmitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 du Littoral C\u00f4te d'Opale, CNRS, Universit\u00e9 de Lille, UMR 8187 LOG , 32 Ave. Foch, F-62930 Wimereux , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8214-0175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Kormas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ichthyology and Aquatic Environment, School of Agricultural Sciences , Fitoko st. 1, 38446 Volos , Greece"},{"name":"Agricultural Development Institute, University Research and Innovation Centre \u201cIASON\u201d, Argonafton & Filellinon , 38221 , Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2048-8192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sotirios","family":"Vasileiadis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Development Institute, University Research and Innovation Centre \u201cIASON\u201d, Argonafton & Filellinon , 38221 , Greece"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Viopolis 41500, University of Thessaly, Larissa , Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amandine","family":"Caruana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IFREMER, PHYTOX, Laboratoire PHYSALG , BP21105, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, F-44300 Nantes , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0325-4754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitra-Ioli","family":"Skouroliakou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 du Littoral C\u00f4te d'Opale, CNRS, Universit\u00e9 de Lille, UMR 8187 LOG , 32 Ave. Foch, F-62930 Wimereux , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasileios","family":"Bampouris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 du Littoral C\u00f4te d'Opale, CNRS, Universit\u00e9 de Lille, UMR 8187 LOG , 32 Ave. Foch, F-62930 Wimereux , France"},{"name":"Department of Ichthyology and Aquatic Environment, School of Agricultural Sciences , Fitoko st. 1, 38446 Volos , Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucie","family":"Courcot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 du Littoral C\u00f4te d'Opale, CNRS, Universit\u00e9 de Lille, UMR 8187 LOG , 32 Ave. Foch, F-62930 Wimereux , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabienne","family":"Herv\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IFREMER, PHYTOX, Laboratoire PHYSALG , BP21105, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, F-44300 Nantes , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muriel","family":"Crouvoisier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 du Littoral C\u00f4te d'Opale, CNRS, Universit\u00e9 de Lille, UMR 8187 LOG , 32 Ave. Foch, F-62930 Wimereux , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2061-5278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Urania","family":"Christaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 du Littoral C\u00f4te d'Opale, CNRS, Universit\u00e9 de Lille, UMR 8187 LOG , 32 Ave. Foch, F-62930 Wimereux , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024072312453516900_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3826","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-03741-6","article-title":"Marine diatoms change their gene expression profile when exposed to microscale turbulence under nutrient replete conditions","volume":"7","author":"Amato","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2024072312453516900_bib2","first-page":"335","volume-title":"Hydrologie des Ecosyst\u00e8mes Marins: Param\u00e8tres et 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