{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T16:05:27Z","timestamp":1789229127329,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":131,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Secretar\u00eda de Ciencia"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Bacteriophages play important roles in shaping microbial community dynamics across diverse environments. In the amphibian skin, most microbiome studies have focused on bacteria and their interactions with the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), leaving other microbial components, including viruses, largely unexplored. Here, we present the first characterization of the viral community in the amphibian skin microbiome, focusing on ecological drivers of bacteriophage diversity and functional potential in the axolotl Ambystoma altamirani. Using public shotgun metagenomes, we found that the viral fraction was dominated by bacteriophages of the class Caudoviricetes. Bacteriophage diversity was significantly associated with local physicochemical parameters at the time of sampling, and showed a strong positive correlation with bacterial diversity, whereas no significant associations were detected with the presence of Bd. In addition, seasonality influenced the composition and properties of bacteria\u2013bacteriophage co-abundance networks. Functional annotation of assembled bacteriophage sequences revealed a diverse functional potential, including putative auxiliary metabolic genes, superinfection exclusion, toxin\u2013antitoxin, and virulence factors. Overall, these findings highlight the ecological relevance of bacteriophages in amphibian skin microbiomes and underscore the need for further studies on their role in the amphibian host\u2019s health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/femsec\/fiag103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T11:18:12Z","timestamp":1788520692000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring the ecological drivers of bacteriophage diversity and functional viral potential in the skin of the axolotl\n                    <i>Ambystoma altamirani<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Alejandro M","family":"Cisneros-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ciencias Gen\u00f3micas, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Av. Universidad s\/n , 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos ,","place":["M\u00e9xico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel \u00c1ngel","family":"Flores\u00a0Varela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ciencias Gen\u00f3micas, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Av. Universidad s\/n , 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos ,","place":["M\u00e9xico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Serrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ciencias Gen\u00f3micas, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Av. Universidad s\/n , 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos ,","place":["M\u00e9xico"]},{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, CNRS UMR 2000, Microbial Paleogenomics Unit , F-75015 Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8827-023X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eria A","family":"Rebollar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ciencias Gen\u00f3micas, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Av. 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