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While impacts on vegetation are increasingly documented, effects on belowground microbial communities and ecosystem processes remain poorly studied. We investigated how experimental drought and warming influence soil microbial communities and decomposition across a 900-m elevation gradient in the tropical montane forests of the Dominican Republic. Precipitation exclusion shelters simulated drought at high (2250 m a.s.l.) and low elevation (1350 m a.s.l.) and high elevation soils were translocated to the lower elevation to simulate warming. Fungal and bacterial communities were measured by DNA sequencing over 11 months, in addition to soil properties and litter decomposition. Fungal richness increased under drought but was unchanged following translocation, whereas bacterial richness and abundance were largely unaffected by either treatment. Decomposition was consistently faster at the lower (warmer) site but slowed under intense drought at both elevations. Soil carbon was higher at high elevation, consistent with slower decomposition. Overall, these results indicate cooler and wetter conditions promote structurally and functionally complex fungal communities. As temperature and precipitation patterns change, fungal communities are more likely to shift in response, altering decomposition and nutrient cycling, with implications for carbon storage in tropical montane ecosystems, especially at high elevations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/femsec\/fiag112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T11:36:51Z","timestamp":1791718611000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ambient climate and experimental drought strongly shape the richness and abundance of soil microbial communities in a tropical montane cloud forest"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Sarah J","family":"Sapsford","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University , Western Australia, Murdoch 6150 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick H","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Denver Department of Biological Sciences, , Denver, CO 80208 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026101610372132700_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2009.03160.x","article-title":"the UNITE database for molecular identification of fungi\u2014recent updates and future perspectives","volume":"186","author":"Abarenkov","year":"2010","journal-title":"New Phytol"},{"key":"2026101610372132700_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1890\/12-1243.1","article-title":"Microbial abundance and composition influence litter decomposition response to environmental change","volume":"94","author":"Allison","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"2026101610372132700_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11512","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0801925105","article-title":"Resistance, resilience, and redundancy in microbial communities","volume":"105","author":"Allison","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2026101610372132700_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.12631","article-title":"Ectomycorrhizal fungi slow soil carbon cycling","volume":"19","author":"Averill","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ecol Lett"},{"key":"2026101610372132700_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20122532","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2012.2532","article-title":"Soil resources and topography shape local tree community structure in tropical forests","volume":"280","author":"Baldeck","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc R Soc B"},{"key":"2026101610372132700_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-08240-4","article-title":"Permafrost is warming at a global scale","volume":"10","author":"Biskaborn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026101610372132700_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.32614\/rj-2017-066","article-title":"glmmTMB balances speed and flexibility among packages for zero-inflated generalized linear mixed modeling","volume":"9","author":"Brooks","year":"2017","journal-title":"The R Journal"},{"key":"2026101610372132700_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511535666.024","article-title":"Tropical montane cloud forest: a unique hydrological case","volume-title":"Forests, Water and People in the Humid Tropics: Past, Present and Future Hydrological Research for Integrated Land and Water Management. 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