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AMR evolution occurs in the clinic but also in the environment, where antibiotics and heavy metals can select and co-select for AMR. While the selective potential of both antibiotics and metals is increasingly well-characterized, experimental studies exploring their combined effects on AMR evolution are rare. It has previously been demonstrated that fluoroquinolone antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin can chelate metal ions. To investigate how ciprofloxacin resistance is affected by the presence of metals, we quantified selection dynamics between a ciprofloxacin-susceptible and a ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli strain across a gradient of ciprofloxacin concentrations in presence and absence of zinc. The presence of zinc reduced growth of both strains, while ciprofloxacin inhibited exclusively the susceptible one. When present in combination zinc retained its inhibitory effect, while ciprofloxacin inhibition of the susceptible strain was reduced. Consequently, the minimal selective concentration for ciprofloxacin resistance increased up to five-fold in the presence of zinc. Environmental pollution usually comprises complex mixtures of antimicrobial agents. In addition to the usual focus on additive or synergistic interactions in complex selective mixtures, our findings highlight the importance of antagonistic selective interactions when considering resistance evolution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/femsle\/fnaa038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,26]],"date-time":"2020-02-26T07:16:11Z","timestamp":1582701371000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Zinc can counteract selection for ciprofloxacin resistance"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"367","author":[{"given":"Michiel","family":"Vos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Knowledge Spa, Royal Cornwall Hospital Truro, TR1 3HDTruro, Cornwall, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Sibleyras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Knowledge Spa, Royal Cornwall Hospital Truro, TR1 3HDTruro, Cornwall, UK"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Saclay, Department of Biology, Espace Technologique Bat. Discovery - RD 128 - 2e \u00e9t, 91190 Saint-Aubin, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lai Ka","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Knowledge Spa, Royal Cornwall Hospital Truro, TR1 3HDTruro, Cornwall, UK"},{"name":"Institute for Evolution & Biodiversity, Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnster, H\u00fcfferstra\u00dfe 1, 48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"},{"name":"College of Life and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, TR10 9FE Penryn, Cornwall, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elze","family":"Hesse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, TR10 9FE Penryn, Cornwall, UK"},{"name":"Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, TR10 9FE Penryn, Cornwall, 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