{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T03:52:31Z","timestamp":1783569151977,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006407","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["232300420064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["232300420064"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013066","name":"Key Scientific Research Project of Colleges and Universities in Henan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24B350010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24B350010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"PhD Programs Foundation of Xinxiang University","award":["1366020121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1366020121"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Salmonella Paratyphi A is the causative agent of paratyphoid fever A which is a serious threat to human health in many countries. The cigR gene located in Salmonella pathogenicity island 3 is a type III secretion system 2 effector gene. However, the influence of cigR gene on the pathogenicity of Salmonella Paratyphi A remains unclear. Here, a cigR gene deletion mutant of Salmonella Paratyphi A was constructed and its pathogenic changes were also evaluated. It was found that both the growth and biochemical features have not changed after the loss of cigR, but the absence of cigR significantly enhanced the replication and\/or survival ability in phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-differentiated human macrophage THP-1 cells and in mouse; the proliferative activity and apoptosis of PMA-differentiated THP-1 cell were significantly decreased and increased, respectively, after the lack of cigR gene; and the mutant showed increased virulence to a mouse infection model by decreased half-lethal dose (LD50) value and enhanced the proliferation ratio of bacteria in vivo. These results demonstrated that CigR is an anti-virulence factor and plays an important role in the pathogenicity of Salmonella Paratyphi A.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/femsle\/fnae067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T14:52:44Z","timestamp":1725979964000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The influence of <i>cigR<\/i> gene on the pathogenicity of <i>Salmonella<\/i> paratyphi A <i>in vitro<\/i> and <i>in vivo<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"371","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3939-2382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junlei","family":"Yin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College, Xinxiang University , Xinxiang, Henan 453003 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College, Xinxiang University , Xinxiang, Henan 453003 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronghua","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College, Xinxiang University , Xinxiang, Henan 453003 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinjiao","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Engineering, Xinxiang University , Xinxiang, Henan 453003 ,\u00a0 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaozu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Engineering, Xinxiang University , Xinxiang, Henan 453003 ,\u00a0 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huajian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Engineering, Xinxiang University , Xinxiang, Henan 453003 ,\u00a0 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhao","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Engineering, Xinxiang University , Xinxiang, Henan 453003 ,\u00a0 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024091014523560700_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2021.12455","article-title":"Exosomes in serum-free cultures of THP-1 macrophages infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"24","author":"Biadglegne","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"key":"2024091014523560700_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.181.3.998-1004.1999","article-title":"The SPI-3 pathogenicity island of Salmonella enterica","volume":"181","author":"Blanc-Potard","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"2024091014523560700_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuv042","article-title":"The trans-kingdom identification of negative regulators of pathogen hypervirulence","volume":"40","author":"Brown","year":"2016","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"2024091014523560700_bib4","first-page":"346","article-title":"The global burden of typhoid fever","volume":"82","author":"Crump","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"2024091014523560700_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13034","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.13034","article-title":"Small alarmones (p)ppGpp regulate virulence associated traits and pathogenesis of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi","volume":"21","author":"Dasgupta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"2024091014523560700_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6640","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.120163297","article-title":"One-step inactivation of chromosomal genes in Escherichia coli K-12 using PCR products","volume":"97","author":"Datsenko","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2024091014523560700_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2023.102306","article-title":"Determinants of persistent Salmonella infection","volume":"82","author":"Ehrhardt","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"2024091014523560700_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e196","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0030196","article-title":"Analysis of cells targeted by Salmonella type III secretion in vivo","volume":"3","author":"Geddes","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"2024091014523560700_bib9","first-page":"34577","article-title":"Calculation of the index of acute toxicity by the method of linear regression. Comparison with the method of \u201cKarber and Behrens","volume":"7","author":"Gilles","year":"1974","journal-title":"Eur J Toxicol Environ Hyg"},{"key":"2024091014523560700_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1159\/000490953","article-title":"Hoodwinking the big-eater to prosper: the Salmonella-macrophage paradigm","volume":"11","author":"Gogoi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Innate Immun"},{"key":"2024091014523560700_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2009.01368.x","article-title":"Salmonella\u2013the ultimate insider. Salmonella virulence factors that modulate intracellular survival","volume":"11","author":"Ibarra","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"2024091014523560700_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5273","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00713-13","article-title":"Diffusible signal factor (DSF) synthase RpfF of Xylella fastidiosa is a multifunction protein also required for response to DSF","volume":"195","author":"Ionescu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"2024091014523560700_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12939","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12939","article-title":"Typhoidal Salmonella: distinctive virulence factors and pathogenesis","volume":"20","author":"Johnson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"2024091014523560700_bib14","first-page":"454","article-title":"Epidemiology of typhoid and paratyphoid fever in India","volume":"2","author":"Kanungo","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries"},{"key":"2024091014523560700_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70753","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0070753","article-title":"Diverse secreted effectors are required for Salmonella persistence in a mouse infection model","volume":"8","author":"Kidwai","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024091014523560700_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S499","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz705","article-title":"Spatial and temporal patterns of typhoid and paratyphoid fever outbreaks: a worldwide review, 1990\u20132018","volume":"69","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024091014523560700_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"taab012","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taab012","article-title":"Typhoid and paratyphoid fever: a clinical seminar","volume":"28","author":"Manesh","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"2024091014523560700_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13352","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.13352","article-title":"Type III secreted effectors that target mitochondria","volume":"23","author":"Nandi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"2024091014523560700_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00771-10","article-title":"Discovery of novel secreted virulence factors from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium by proteomic analysis of culture supernatants","volume":"79","author":"Niemann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2024091014523560700_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.369","article-title":"Salmonella paratyphi A lacking sptP is attenuated and immnuoprotective in mice","volume":"8","author":"Pan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immun Inflam Dis"},{"key":"2024091014523560700_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.09.007","article-title":"Salmonellosis including enteric fever","volume":"69","author":"Qamar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"2024091014523560700_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1097\/00003643-200501000-00004","article-title":"Cisatracurium, but not mivacurium, induces apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro","volume":"22","author":"Rieder","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"2024091014523560700_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0007416","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007416","article-title":"Salmonella Typhi, Paratyphi A, Enteritidis and Typhimurium core proteomes reveal differentially expressed proteins linked to the cell surface and pathogenicity","volume":"13","author":"Saleh","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2024091014523560700_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2021.10.007","article-title":"The type III secretion system effector network hypothesis","volume":"30","author":"Sanchez-Garrido","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"2024091014523560700_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00174","article-title":"Antibacterial peptide BSN-37 kills extra-and intra-cellular Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium by a nonlytic mode of action","volume":"11","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"2024091014523560700_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e96977","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.201796977","article-title":"A protein that controls the onset of a Salmonella virulence program","volume":"37","author":"Yeom","year":"2018","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"2024091014523560700_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103795","article-title":"Characterization and protective efficacy of a Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (SPI2) mutant of Salmonella paratyphi A","volume":"137","author":"Yin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"2024091014523560700_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2016.1187708","article-title":"Construction and characterization of a cigR deletion mutant of Salmonella enterica serovar Pullorum","volume":"45","author":"Yin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Avian Pathol"},{"key":"2024091014523560700_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2182","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01277-10","article-title":"Discovery of Salmonella virulence factors translocated via outer membrane vesicles to murine macrophages","volume":"79","author":"Yoon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2024091014523560700_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13878","article-title":"SNHG1\/miR-186\/FUT8 regulates cell migration and invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"29","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Oral Dis"}],"container-title":["FEMS Microbiology Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/femsle\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/femsle\/fnae067\/59074721\/fnae067.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/femsle\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/femsle\/fnae067\/59074721\/fnae067.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T14:53:04Z","timestamp":1725979984000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/femsle\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/femsle\/fnae067\/7737766"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"references-count":30,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/femsle\/fnae067","relation":{},"ISSN":["1574-6968"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1574-6968","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"article-number":"fnae067"}}