{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T04:36:22Z","timestamp":1777869382030,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"NextGenerationEU\/PRTR","award":["TED2021-131813B-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TED2021-131813B-I00"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Formaldehyde is a highly reactive and cytotoxic compound, and its efficient detoxification is essential for cellular survival. This requirement is particularly critical in methylotrophic microorganisms, where formaldehyde serves as a central intermediate in methanol assimilation. Despite the toxicity of this compound, methylotrophic and methanotrophic bacteria have evolved mechanisms that allow limited tolerance, yet the isolation of highly resistant variants remains extremely challenging due to the intrinsic difficulties of cultivating and purifying these organisms. Here, we report the isolation and complete genome sequence of a Methylomicrobium alcaliphilum 20Z derivative capable of sustained growth at 30\u00a0mM formaldehyde\u2014representing a six-fold increase over the parental strain and positioning it among the most formaldehyde-tolerant methanotrophs described to date. The strain was obtained after prolonged adaptation and successful purification of a single resistant colony, a technically demanding process in this species. In parallel, we re-sequenced and re-annotated the wild-type genome, generating an improved genetic reference for M. alcaliphilum 20Z. Comparative genome analysis revealed 168 mutations affecting 31 open reading frames in the adapted strain. These mutations span genes involved in stress response, membrane remodeling, macromolecular repair, and regulatory functions, suggesting multifactorial adaptive strategies beyond canonical formaldehyde detoxification pathways. The genomic data provided here constitute a valuable foundation for future mechanistic studies and offer a resource for researchers aiming to understand or engineer aldehyde tolerance in methylotrophic bacteria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/femsle\/fnaf149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]],"date-time":"2026-01-03T12:27:33Z","timestamp":1767443253000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genome sequence analysis of a highly formaldehyde-resistant\n                    <i>Methylomicrobium alcaliphilum<\/i>\n                    strain"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"373","author":[{"given":"Daria","family":"Kudriavtseva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Valladolid , Dr. Mergelina, s\/n, Valladolid 47011 ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7986-5557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Santos-Beneit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Valladolid , Dr. Mergelina, s\/n, Valladolid 47011 ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda y Gen\u00e9tica, Universidad de Salamanca , Salamanca 37007 ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026043009375412700_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1110(77)90011-2","article-title":"Genetic and cytogenetical effects of formaldehyde and related compounds","volume":"39","author":"Auerbach","year":"1977","journal-title":"Mutat Res\/Rev Genet Toxicol"},{"key":"2026043009375412700_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00589","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00589-20","article-title":"Formaldehyde-responsive proteins, TtmR and EfgA, reveal a tradeoff between formaldehyde resistance and efficient transition to methylotrophy in Methylorubrum extorquens","volume":"203","author":"Bazurto","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"2026043009375412700_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3459","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.27506","article-title":"Halotolerance mechanisms of the methanotroph Methylomicrobium alcaliphilum","volume":"117","author":"Bordel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biotechnol Bioeng"},{"key":"2026043009375412700_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1007\/s10482-018-1208-4","article-title":"Serine-glyoxylate aminotranferases from methanotrophs using different C1-assimilation pathways","volume":"112","author":"But","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek"},{"key":"2026043009375412700_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1126\/science.281.5373.99","article-title":"C1 transfer enzymes and coenzymes linking methylotrophic bacteria and methanogenic Archaea","volume":"281","author":"Chistoserdova","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026043009375412700_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s13068-022-02104-2","article-title":"Enhanced production of ectoine from methane using metabolically engineered Methylomicrobium alcaliphilum 20Z","volume":"15","author":"Cho","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biotechnol Biofuels Bioprod"},{"key":"2026043009375412700_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2615","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.27912-0","article-title":"Adaptation and acclimatization to formaldehyde in methylotrophs capable of high-concentration formaldehyde detoxification","volume":"151","author":"Chongcharoen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Microbiology (Reading)"},{"key":"2026043009375412700_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Danecek P, Bonfield JK, Liddle J \u00a0et al. \u00a0Twelve years of SAMtools and BCFtools. 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