{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T17:10:38Z","timestamp":1778519438308,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001734","name":"University of Copenhagen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001734","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>El-Klila is a popular, traditional, spontaneously fermented Algerian cheese. Here, we report the identification and characterization of lactic acid bacteria isolated from El-Klila. A total of 26 isolates were identified, typed, and several phenotypic traits were determined to assess their potential as putative probiotics using a combination of pheno- and genotypic methods. Using initial phenotypic characterization followed by rep-PCR-fingerprinting, as well as 16S rRNA and\u00a0recA gene sequencing, the isolates were identified as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (73% of isolates), Lacticaseibacillus paracasei (23%), and Limosilactobacillus fermentum (4%). All strains were resistant to vancomycin except Lb. fermentum Kb2, and some isolates like Lc. paracasei K2 were resistant to all antibiotics tested. A total of 69% of the isolates survived 30 min at pH 2, 81% excreted bile salt hydrolase enzymes, and 69% produced exopolysaccharide. All strains were found to inhibit one or more of the tested pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, and Listeria innocua). Further investigation of the underlying mechanism of the antimicrobial activity showed that it was due to acid production. However, Lb. fermentum Kb2 produced an unknown high-molecular-weight, heat-stable bacteriocin-like molecule that significantly inhibited Listeria innocua. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum B3 exhibited better survival in simulated gastric juice and increased transepithelial electrical resistance (TER). Similarly, Lc. paracasei K2 also demonstrated a significant increase in TER relative to the other tested isolates. Importantly, the culture supernatant of Lb. fermentum Kb2 enhanced the relative TER of Caco-2 monolayer over 24\u00a0h, and it was sensitive to all antibiotics tested, indicating a desirable safety profile. Based on our findings, a considerable number of novel lactobacilli strains from Algerian cheese \u201cEl-Klila\u201d possess properties in vitro that are desirable for putative probiotics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/femsle\/fnag039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T11:43:01Z","timestamp":1775907781000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Identification, phenotypic characterization, and assessment of potential probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria isolated from the Algerian traditional cheese \u201cEl-Klila\u201d"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"373","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4187-8130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatima","family":"Belarbi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Biotoxicology, Biodepollution, and Phytoremediation, University of Oran 1 Department of Biology, , Ahmed Ben Bella, 31000 Oran ,","place":["Algeria"]},{"name":"Scientific and Technical Research Center on Arid Regions CRSTRA , 07000 Biskra ,","place":["Algeria"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8121-1114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dennis Sandris","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Copenhagen Department of Food Science, , 1958 Frederiksberg ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Cieplak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Copenhagen Department of Food Science, , 1958 Frederiksberg ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Djamila","family":"Maghnia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Biotoxicology, Biodepollution, and Phytoremediation, University of Oran 1 Department of Biology, , Ahmed Ben Bella, 31000 Oran ,","place":["Algeria"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Medouakh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Biotoxicology, Biodepollution, and Phytoremediation, University of Oran 1 Department of Biology, , Ahmed Ben Bella, 31000 Oran ,","place":["Algeria"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akil","family":"Loumani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Biotoxicology, Biodepollution, and Phytoremediation, University of Oran 1 Department of Biology, , Ahmed Ben Bella, 31000 Oran ,","place":["Algeria"]},{"name":"Research Unit for Renewable Energies in Saharan region, URERMS, Renewable Energy Development Center, CDER , 01000 Adrar ,","place":["Algeria"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Bensoltane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Biotoxicology, Biodepollution, and Phytoremediation, University of Oran 1 Department of Biology, , Ahmed Ben Bella, 31000 Oran ,","place":["Algeria"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026051112282016400_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3389","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/25.17.3389","article-title":"Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs","volume":"25","author":"Altschul","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2026051112282016400_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2939","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-016-7343-9","article-title":"Bacteriocins of lactic acid bacteria: extending the family","volume":"100","author":"Alvarez-Sieiro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"2026051112282016400_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-394598-3.00005-8","article-title":"Chapter Five\u2014Modern Approaches in Probiotics Research to Control Foodborne Pathogens","volume-title":"Adv Food Nutr Res.","author":"Amalaradjou","year":"2012"},{"key":"2026051112282016400_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.15414\/JMBFS.2019.9.1.38-43","article-title":"Effect of different food stress conditions on the viability of encapsulated Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus casei isolated from Klila (an Algerian traditional fermented cheese)","volume":"9","author":"Amira","year":"2019","journal-title":"J microb biotech food sci"},{"key":"2026051112282016400_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2006.11.001","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance in non-enterococcal lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria","volume":"24","author":"Ammor","year":"2007","journal-title":"Food Microbiol"},{"key":"2026051112282016400_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2005.02.006","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of lactic acid bacteria against spoilage and pathogenic bacteria isolated from the same meat small-scale facility","volume":"17","author":"Ammor","year":"2006","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"2026051112282016400_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2012.10.005","article-title":"Selection of potential probiotic lactic acid bacteria from fermented olives by in vitro tests","volume":"33","author":"Argyri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Microbiol"},{"key":"2026051112282016400_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2019.03.005","article-title":"Exopolysaccharide-producing lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditional Algerian dairy products and their application for skim-milk fermentations","volume":"107","author":"Bachtarzi","year":"2019","journal-title":"LWT"},{"key":"2026051112282016400_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2003.11.006","article-title":"Identification and technological properties of lactic acid bacteria isolated from raw goat milk of four Algerian races","volume":"21","author":"Badis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Food Microbiol"},{"key":"2026051112282016400_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.5897\/AJMR2016.8264","article-title":"Sensory, microbiological and physico-chemical characterization of Klila, a traditional cheese made in the south-west of Algeria","volume":"10","author":"Benamara","year":"2016","journal-title":"Afr J Microbiol Res"},{"key":"2026051112282016400_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2003.08.006","article-title":"Technology transfer of some Moroccan traditional dairy products (lben, jben and smen) to small industrial scale","volume":"21","author":"Benkerroum","year":"2004","journal-title":"Food Microbiol"},{"key":"2026051112282016400_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7970463","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/7970463.2018","article-title":"Isolation, molecular characterization and probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria in Saudi raw and fermented milk","volume":"25","author":"Bin\u00a0Masalam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"key":"2026051112282016400_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2015.05.017","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo screening of native lactic acid bacteria toward their selection as a probiotic in broiler chickens","volume":"101","author":"Blajman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"2026051112282016400_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0010(199604)70:4&lt;501::AID-JSFA524&gt;3.0.CO;2-A","article-title":"Identification of lactic acid bacteria from Algerian traditional cheese, El-Klila","volume":"70","author":"Boubekri","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Sci Food Agric"},{"key":"2026051112282016400_bib15","article-title":"Comit\u00e9 de l\u2019Antibiogramme de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Fran\u00e7aise de Microbiologie","author":"CA-SFM","year":"2013","journal-title":"Recommandations"},{"key":"2026051112282016400_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2259","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.64915-0","article-title":"EzTaxon: a web-based tool for the identification of prokaryotes based on 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences","volume":"57","author":"Chun","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"key":"2026051112282016400_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.01.013","article-title":"Co-production of surfactin and a novel bacteriocin by Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis H4 isolated from Bikalga, an African alkaline Hibiscus sabdariffa seed fermented condiment","volume":"162","author":"Compaor\u00e9","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"},{"key":"2026051112282016400_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.1960.tb00188.x","article-title":"A medium for the cultivation of Lactobacilli","volume":"23","author":"De\u00a0Man","year":"1960","journal-title":"J Appl Bacteriol"},{"key":"2026051112282016400_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2011.11.076","article-title":"Flow cytometry for fast microbial community fingerprinting","volume":"46","author":"De\u00a0Roy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"2026051112282016400_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2016.11.014","article-title":"Genetic diversity, safety and technological characterization of lactic acid bacteria isolated from artisanal Pico cheese","volume":"63","author":"Domingos-Lopes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Microbiol"},{"key":"2026051112282016400_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5743","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00506-09","article-title":"Allelic variation of bile salt hydrolase genes in Lactobacillus salivarius does not determine bile resistance levels","volume":"191","author":"Fang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"2026051112282016400_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2016.09.171","article-title":"Peptide profile of Coalho cheese: a contribution for Protected Designation of Origin (PDO)","volume":"219","author":"Fontenele","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"2026051112282016400_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00477","article-title":"A novel postbiotic from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG with a beneficial effect on intestinal barrier function","volume":"10","author":"Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"2026051112282016400_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejbt.2016.11.008","article-title":"Characterization of Lactobacillus fermentum UCO-979C, a probiotic strain with a potent anti-Helicobacter pylori activity","volume":"25","author":"Garc\u00eda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Electron J Biotechnol"},{"key":"2026051112282016400_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8285","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2015-10104","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity and partial characterization of bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances produced by Lactobacillus spp. isolated from artisanal Mexican cheese","volume":"98","author":"Heredia-Castro","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2026051112282016400_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2014.66","article-title":"Expert consensus document. The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic","volume":"11","author":"Hill","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2026051112282016400_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.11.020","article-title":"In vitro testing of commercial and potential probiotic lactic acid bacteria","volume":"153","author":"Jensen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"},{"key":"2026051112282016400_bib28","first-page":"152","article-title":"La flore lactique","volume-title":"Technique d\u2019analyse et de contr\u00f4le dans les industries agroalimentaire","author":"Leveau","year":"1991"},{"key":"2026051112282016400_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idairyj.2004.08.007","article-title":"Bile salt deconjugation ability, bile salt hydrolase activity and cholesterol co-precipitation ability of lactobacilli strains","volume":"15","author":"Liong","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int Dairy J"},{"key":"2026051112282016400_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2018.08.081","article-title":"Isolation and molecular identification of Lactobacillus with probiotic potential from abomasums driven rennet","volume":"272","author":"Maleki\u00a0Kakelar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"2026051112282016400_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(97)76027-2","article-title":"Survival of lactic acid bacteria in a dynamic model of the stomach and small intestine: validation and the effects of bile","volume":"80","author":"Marteau","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2026051112282016400_bib32","first-page":"2451","article-title":"Screening of technological and probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Algerian traditional fermented milk products","volume":"21","author":"Mechai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int Food Res J"},{"key":"2026051112282016400_bib33","first-page":"23","article-title":"Microbial Characteristics of Klila and Jben Traditionnal Moroccan Cheese from Raw Cow\u2019s Milk","volume":"2","author":"Mennane","year":"2007","journal-title":"World J Dairy & Food Sci"},{"key":"2026051112282016400_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1039\/c3fo60702j","article-title":"A standardised static in vitro digestion method suitable for food\u2014an international consensus","volume":"5","author":"Minekus","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"key":"2026051112282016400_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533612440290","article-title":"Probiotics in the intensive care unit","volume":"27","author":"Morrow","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nut in Clin Prac"},{"key":"2026051112282016400_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2018.08.035","article-title":"Novel autochthonous lactobacilli with probiotic aptitudes as a main starter culture for probiotic fermented milk","volume":"98","author":"Nami","year":"2018","journal-title":"LWT"},{"key":"2026051112282016400_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.09.010","article-title":"The microbiology of Ghanaian cocoa fermentations analysed using culture-dependent and culture-independent methods","volume":"114","author":"Nielsen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"},{"key":"2026051112282016400_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.08.016","article-title":"Biodiversity and probiotic potential of yeasts isolated from Fura, a West African spontaneously fermented cereal","volume":"159","author":"Pedersen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"},{"key":"2026051112282016400_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2017.01.052","article-title":"Isolation, characterization and evaluation of the probiotic potential of a novel Lactobacillus strain isolated from Feta-type cheese","volume":"226","author":"Plessas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"2026051112282016400_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111584","article-title":"Lactobacillus paracasei from Koumiss ameliorates diarrhea in mice via tight junctions modulation","volume":"98","author":"Ren","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"2026051112282016400_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470995501","article-title":"Fermented Milks","volume-title":"Types of Fermented Milks","author":"Robinson","year":"2006"},{"key":"2026051112282016400_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.62.1.132-133.1951","article-title":"A selective medium for isolation and enumeration of oral and fecal Lactobacilli","volume":"62","author":"Rogosa","year":"1951","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"2026051112282016400_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.13426","article-title":"Selection of indigenous Lactobacillus paracasei CD4 and Lactobacillus gastricus BTM 7 as probiotic: assessment of traits combined with principal component analysis","volume":"122","author":"Sharma","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"2026051112282016400_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2021.104395","article-title":"In-vitro study of Limosilactobacillus fermentum PCC adhesion to and integrity of the Caco-2 cell monolayers as affected by pectins","volume":"79","author":"Srimahaeak","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Funct Foods"},{"key":"2026051112282016400_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4887","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00982-13","article-title":"Strain-dependent augmentation of tight-junction barrier function in human primary epidermal keratinocytes by Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium lysates","volume":"79","author":"Sultana","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microb"},{"key":"2026051112282016400_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meatsci.2015.05.030","article-title":"Potential of bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria for safety improvements of traditional Thai fermented meat and human health","volume":"109","author":"Swetwiwathana","year":"2015","journal-title":"Meat Sci"},{"key":"2026051112282016400_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3450","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.67.8.3450-3454.2001","article-title":"Differentiation of Lactobacillus plantarum, L. pentosus, and L. paraplantarum by recA gene sequence analysis and multiplex PCR assay with recA gene-derived primers","volume":"67","author":"Torriani","year":"2001","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microb"},{"key":"2026051112282016400_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idairyj.2008.03.004","article-title":"Probiotics\u2014From Metchnikoff to bioactives","volume":"18","author":"Vasiljevic","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int Dairy J"},{"key":"2026051112282016400_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-7799(03)00107-0","article-title":"Exopolysaccharides from lactic acid bacteria: perspectives and challenges","volume":"21","author":"Welman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol"},{"key":"2026051112282016400_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-015-0372-1","article-title":"Lactobacillus reuteri I5007 modulates tight junction protein expression in IPEC-J2 cells with LPS stimulation and in newborn piglets under normal conditions","volume":"15","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"}],"container-title":["FEMS Microbiology Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/femsle\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/femsle\/fnag039\/68070889\/fnag039.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/femsle\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/femsle\/fnag039\/68070889\/fnag039.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/femsle\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/femsle\/fnag039\/68070889\/fnag039.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T16:28:30Z","timestamp":1778516910000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/femsle\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/femsle\/fnag039\/8653303"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Rustam","family":"Aminov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":50,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/femsle\/fnag039","relation":{},"ISSN":["1574-6968"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1574-6968","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"article-number":"fnag039"}}