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Here, we report the isolation and genomic characterization of a novel filamentous anoxygenic phototrophic bacterium from a microbial mat in the mesothermal Lake Umkhey (Southern Siberia). Although the original culture was lost, its genome was recovered via metagenome-assembled genome reconstruction from environmental samples, enabling a detailed phylogenomic and metabolic analysis. The genome of umkhey_bin13 (proposed as \u2018Candidatus Viridifilum namsaraevi\u2019 gen. nov., sp. nov.) encodes a complete 3-hydroxypropionate bicycle for autotrophic CO\u2082 fixation, a type II sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase, but lacks nitrogenase and chemolithotrophic markers. Comparative genomics across 18 Chloroflexota genomes reveals that this new lineage occupies an intermediate phylogenetic position, with distinct gene content for sulfur, nitrogen, and hydrogen metabolism, and highlights a complex evolutionary history within the group. Our findings provide new insights into the evolutionary transitions of photosynthetic and carbon-fixation pathways, and underscore the value of integrating cultivation-independent genomics with classical microbiology. The proposed novel genus and species contribute to a revised framework of Chloroflexota evolution and offer a genomic reference for studying metabolic adaptation in alkaline, sulfide-influenced microbial mats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/femsle\/fnag121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T11:32:13Z","timestamp":1791286333000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["\u2018\n                    <i>Candidatus<\/i>\n                    Viridifilum namsaraevi\u2019 gen. nov., sp. nov., a new mesophilic filamentous anoxygenic phototrophic bacterium from the mesothermal Lake Umkhey (Buryatia)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"373","author":[{"given":"Stepan V","family":"Toshchakov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kurchatov Genomic Center, NRC \u2018Kurchatov Institute\u2019 , Moscow, 123182 ,","place":["Russia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9037-1646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladimir M","family":"Gorlenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Federal Research Centre \u2018Fundamentals of Biotechnology\u2019 of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow, 117312 ,","place":["Russia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander M","family":"Kalashnikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Federal Research Centre \u2018Fundamentals of Biotechnology\u2019 of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow, 117312 ,","place":["Russia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3330-0427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasil A","family":"Gaisin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Federal Research Centre \u2018Fundamentals of Biotechnology\u2019 of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow, 117312 ,","place":["Russia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1358-5146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denis\u00a0S","family":"Grouzdev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, 11794\u20135000 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina O","family":"Petrova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kurchatov Genomic Center, NRC \u2018Kurchatov Institute\u2019 , Moscow, 123182 ,","place":["Russia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darima D","family":"Barkhutova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of microbiology, Institute of General and Experimental Biology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Ulan-Ude, Buryat Republic, 6670047 ,","place":["Russia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9701-5721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zorigto B","family":"Namsaraev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kurchatov Genomic Center, NRC \u2018Kurchatov Institute\u2019 , Moscow, 123182 ,","place":["Russia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026100908413845100_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3103","article-title":"Binning metagenomic contigs by coverage and composition","volume":"11","author":"Alneberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"2026100908413845100_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"btaf147","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btaf147","article-title":"CoverM: read alignment statistics for 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