{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T11:04:50Z","timestamp":1791284690648,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]],"date-time":"2023-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":110,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The search for antimicrobials in propolis presents a new dimension for addressing the problem of antimicrobial drug resistance. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of extracts of crude propolis collected from different regions in Ghana and their active fractions. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts, as well as that of the chloroform, ethyl acetate, and petroleum ether fractions of the active samples were determined using the agar well diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the most active fractions were determined. The various crude propolis extracts frequently produced zones of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus (17\/20) than Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16\/20), and Escherichia coli (1\/20) test isolates. Chloroform and ethyl acetate solvents produced fractions possessing greater antimicrobial activity than the petroleum ether fraction. The mean MIC range of the most active fractions was greatest for S. aureus (76.0 \u00b1 34.8\u201348.0 \u00b1 33.0\u00a0mg\/ml) than for P. aeruginosa (40.8 \u00b1 33.3\u201330.4 \u00b1 6.7\u00a0mg\/ml) and E. coli, as was the mean MBC. Propolis has antimicrobial potential, and hence should be exploited as an alternative for the treatment of bacterial infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/femsmc\/xtad010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]],"date-time":"2023-04-21T01:25:50Z","timestamp":1682040350000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["<i>In vitro<\/i>\n                    antimicrobial activity of crude propolis extracts and fractions"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Alhassan","family":"Sa-eed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School , P. O. Box KB 4236, Korle Bu, Accra , Ghana"},{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Accra Technical University , P. O. Box GP 561, Barnes Road, Accra , Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9368-0636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric S","family":"Donkor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School , P. O. Box KB 4236, Korle Bu, Accra , Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5726-4694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reuben E","family":"Arhin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School , P. O. Box KB 4236, Korle Bu, Accra , Ghana"},{"name":"Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Accra Technical University , P. O. Box GP 561, Barnes Road, Accra , Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3344-4869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patience B","family":"Tetteh-Quarcoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School , P. O. Box KB 4236, Korle Bu, Accra , Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon K","family":"Attah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School , P. O. Box KB 4236, Korle Bu, Accra , Ghana"},{"name":"Baldwin University College , P. O. Box 19872, Osu, Accra , Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel E K","family":"Kabotso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences, School of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences , PMB 31, Ho , Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0286-3638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fleischer C N","family":"Kotey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School , P. O. Box KB 4236, Korle Bu, Accra , Ghana"},{"name":"FleRhoLife Research Consult , P.O. 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