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At concentrations below the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), surfactants may interact with virus surface proteins without virus inactivation and alter virus surface properties. This study determined the MIC of benzyldimethyldodecylammonium chloride (BAC) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on human adenovirus (ADV, non-enveloped, dsDNA) and mouse hepatitis virus (MHV, enveloped, ssRNA), and how sub-MIC surfactants influence virus isoelectric point (IEP), hydrated diameter, and interact with virus surface proteins. Both surfactants had MICs of 1\u00a0mg\/L over 60 minutes. Experimental IEPs were lower than IEPs estimated based on amino acid structures. The ADV IEP was 3.8 without surfactants and dropped to 3.3 with BAC and lower than 3 with SDS. The MHV IEP was 4.2 without surfactants and decreased to 4.1 with SDS and 3.4 with BAC. Dynamic light scattering showed SDS and BAC decreased ADV hydrated diameter from 142 \u00b1 8\u00a0nm (no surfactant) to 109\u2013116\u00a0nm, while MHV decreased from 150 \u00b1 10\u00a0nm (no surfactants) to 132\u2013140\u00a0nm upon surfactant exposure. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that SDS, due to its multivalent sulfate headgroup, forms numerous intimate contacts with the MHV spike protein that markedly perturb its electrostatic environment. In contrast, BAC engages only sporadically and diffusely with the protein, indicating a much weaker influence on its structure and electrostatics. Overall, this study showed that ionic surfactants can influence virus properties thus altering virus interactions with surfaces in engineered and natural systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/femsmc\/xtaf011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T14:52:34Z","timestamp":1758552754000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Ionic surfactants alter virus surface properties and electrostatic interactions in aqueous systems"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Makayla","family":"Loey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Utah , Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 110 Central Campus Drive, Suite 2000, Salt Lake City UT 84112 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6372-6533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel Costa Alverni","family":"Da\u00a0Hora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Utah , Department of Chemistry, 315 1400 E, Salt Lake City UT 84112 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5431-6794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer","family":"Weidhaas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Utah , Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 110 Central Campus Drive, Suite 2000, Salt Lake City UT 84112 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025092210522811500_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.softx.2015.06.001","article-title":"GROMACS: high performance molecular simulations through multi-level parallelism from laptops to 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