{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T13:21:58Z","timestamp":1779888118360,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]],"date-time":"2020-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590624000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Lower genital tract infection and bloodborne spread of infection are the two principal modes for infection of the upper genital tract or for infection of the fetus, neonate or infant. Treponema pallidum and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are the two most common bloodborne pathogens that infect the fetus, neonate or infant. Most infections of the upper genital tract, however, spread along epithelial surfaces from the vagina or cervix to the upper genital tract or chorioamnion, fetus, neonate or infant. These infections are caused by either pathogens associated with a dysbiotic vaginal microbiome or those that are sexually transmitted. The clinical syndromes that these pathogens produce in the lower genital tract were discussed in part one of this review. We now discuss the syndromes and pathogens that affect the upper genital tract of both non-pregnant and pregnant women as well as fetus, neonate and infant.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/femspd\/ftaa023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,26]],"date-time":"2020-05-26T19:10:32Z","timestamp":1590520232000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Reproductive system infections in women: upper genital tract, fetal, neonatal and infant syndromes"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Robert C","family":"Brunham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 4R4"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorma","family":"Paavonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 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