{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T10:59:04Z","timestamp":1791284344626,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]],"date-time":"2021-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI144136"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI144136"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Rickettsia amblyommatis belongs to the spotted fever group of Rickettsia and infects Amblyomma americanum (Lone Star ticks) for transmission to offspring and mammals. Historically, the geographic range of A. americanum was restricted to the southeastern USA. However, recent tick surveys identified the progressive northward invasion of A. americanum, contributing to the increased number of patients with febrile illnesses of unknown etiology after a tick bite in the northeastern USA. While serological evidence strongly suggests that patients are infected with R. amblyommatis, the virulence potential of R. amblyommatis is not well established. Here, we performed a bioinformatic analysis of three genome sequences of R. amblyommatis and identified the presence of multiple putative virulence genes whose products are implicated for spotted fever pathogenesis. Similar to other pathogenic spotted fever rickettsiae, R. amblyommatis replicated intracellularly within the cytoplasm of tissue culture cells. Interestingly, R. amblyommatis displayed defective attachment to microvascular endothelial cells. The attachment defect and slow growth rate of R. amblyommatis required relatively high intravenous infectious doses to produce dose-dependent morbidity and mortality in C3H mice. In summary, our results corroborate clinical evidence that R. amblyommatis can cause mild disease manifestation in some patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/femspd\/ftab024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]],"date-time":"2021-04-16T23:37:49Z","timestamp":1618616269000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Virulence potential of <i>Rickettsia amblyommatis<\/i> for spotted fever pathogenesis in mice"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Wan-Yi","family":"Yen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kayla","family":"Stern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John F. Kennedy High School, Bellmore, NY 11710, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Smruti","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke","family":"Helminiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santiago","family":"Sanchez-Vicente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2095-9705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hwan Keun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021070821160579500_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1038\/24094","article-title":"The genome sequence of Rickettsia prowazekii and the origin of mitochondria","volume":"396","author":"Andersson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021070821160579500_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2007.0271","article-title":"Tick-borne diseases in North Carolina: is \u201cRickettsia amblyommii\u201d a possible cause of rickettsiosis reported as Rocky Mountain spotted fever?","volume":"8","author":"Apperson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"2021070821160579500_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2015.12.005","article-title":"Amblyomma sculptum tick saliva: alpha-Gal identification, antibody response and possible association with red meat allergy in Brazil","volume":"46","author":"Araujo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"2021070821160579500_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2013.1325","article-title":"Rickettsia amblyommii\u201d and R. montanensis infection in dogs following natural exposure to ticks","volume":"14","author":"Barrett","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"2021070821160579500_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2007.0121","article-title":"Detection of Rickettsia amblyommii in association with a tick bite rash","volume":"7","author":"Billeter","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"2021070821160579500_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.0030014","article-title":"Reductive genome evolution from the mother of Rickettsia","volume":"3","author":"Blanc","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLos Genet"},{"key":"2021070821160579500_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2014.1575","article-title":"Rickettsia amblyommii\u201d induces cross protection against lethal Rocky Mountain spotted fever in a guinea pig model","volume":"14","author":"Blanton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"2021070821160579500_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1974.23.109","article-title":"Zoonotic potential (Rocky Mountain spotted fever aed tularemia) in the Tennessee Valley region. 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