{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T19:57:10Z","timestamp":1785527830658,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002383","name":"King Saud University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RSP-2021\/142"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP-2021\/142"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Fungal pathogens mainly Candida and Cryptococcus species causes serious life-threating infections to humans, especially in individuals who are immunocompromised. Increasing frequency of antifungal drug resistance along with paucity of FDA-approved drugs suggest a dire need for new antifungal drugs. Our screening of newly synthesized spirooxindole heterocyclic hybrid compounds revealed that the novel small molecule, DPA-3, has potent antifungal activity without inducing mammalian cell cytotoxicity. Furthermore, DPA-3 significantly reduced hyphal and biofilm formation of Candida albicans ATCC 10231 strain, out-competing two FDA approved antifungal drugs. The results of our study conclude that DPA-3 is a compelling candidate for further development as an antifungal drug.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/femspd\/ftac013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,2]],"date-time":"2022-05-02T19:11:10Z","timestamp":1651518670000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Discovery of spirooxindole-pyrrolidine heterocyclic hybrids with potent antifungal activity against fungal pathogens"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Hannah","family":"Dowdy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University , 19555\u00a0N. 59th Ave. , Glendale, AZ 85308, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raju Suresh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University , PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulrahman I","family":"Almansour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University , PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natarajan","family":"Arumugam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University , PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shatha","family":"Ibrahim\u00a0Alaqeel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University , (034), Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0031-2392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shankar","family":"Thangamani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University , 19555\u00a0N. 59th Ave. , Glendale, AZ 85308, United States"},{"name":"Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN 47906, United States"},{"name":"Purdue Institute for Immunology, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases (PI4D) , IN 47906, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022062302453020800_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9020045","article-title":"Anti-fungal efficacy and mechanisms of flavonoids","volume":"9","author":"Aboody","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"2022062302453020800_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.3390\/pr8091154","article-title":"Functionalized. 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