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Their treatment mainly relies on the administration of broad-spectrum antimicrobials since the standard blood culture-based diagnostic methods remain time-consuming for the pathogen's identification. Consequently, the routine use of these antibiotics may lead to downstream antimicrobial resistance and failure in treatment outcomes. Recently, significant advances have been made in improving several methodologies for the identification of pathogens directly in whole blood especially regarding specificity and time to detection. Nevertheless, for the widespread implementation of these novel methods in healthcare facilities, further improvements are still needed concerning the sensitivity and cost-effectiveness to allow a faster and more appropriate antimicrobial therapy. This review is focused on the problem of BSIs and sepsis addressing several aspects like their origin, challenges, and causative agents. Also, it highlights current and emerging diagnostics technologies, discussing their strengths and weaknesses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/femspd\/ftac027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,5]],"date-time":"2022-07-05T21:56:38Z","timestamp":1657058198000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Burden of bacterial bloodstream infections and recent advances for diagnosis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Susana P","family":"Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga , Portugal"},{"name":"LABBELS \u2013 Associate Laboratory , Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es , Portugal"},{"name":"International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre Jos\u00e9 Veiga s\/n , 4715-330 Braga , Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores \u2013 Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC MN) and IN \u2013 Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Rua Alves Redol , 9 1000-029 Lisbon , Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9345-6546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla M","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. 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