{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T12:05:47Z","timestamp":1756382747612,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]],"date-time":"2024-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":163,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21AI111159","1R25GM106995-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AI111159","1R25GM106995-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HRD-1241701","HRD-1646729","1911660","2200529"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HRD-1241701","HRD-1646729","1911660","2200529"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>To begin to optimize the immunization routes for our reported PLGA-rMOMP nanovaccine [PLGA-encapsulated Chlamydia muridarum (Cm) recombinant major outer membrane protein (rMOMP)], we compared two prime-boost immunization strategies [subcutaneous (SC) and intramuscular (IM-p) prime routes followed by two SC-boosts)] to evaluate the nanovaccine-induced protective efficacy and immunogenicity in female BALB\/c mice. Our results showed that mice immunized via the SC and IM-p routes were protected against a Cm genital challenge by a reduction in bacterial burden and with fewer bacteria in the SC mice. Protection of mice correlated with rMOMP-specific Th1 (IL-2 and IFN-\u03b3) and not Th2 (IL-4, IL-9, and IL-13) cytokines, and CD4+\u00a0memory (CD44highCD62Lhigh) T-cells, especially in the SC mice. We also observed higher levels of IL-1\u03b1, IL-6, IL-17, CCL-2, and G-CSF in SC-immunized mice. Notably, an increase of cytokines\/chemokines was seen after the challenge in the SC, IM-p, and control mice (rMOMP and PBS), suggesting a Cm stimulation. In parallel, rMOMP-specific Th1 (IgG2a and IgG2b) and Th2 (IgG1) serum, mucosal, serum avidity, and neutralizing antibodies were more elevated in SC than in IM-p mice. Overall, the homologous SC prime-boost immunization of mice induced enhanced cellular and antibody responses with better protection against a genital challenge compared to the heterologous IM-p.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/femspd\/ftae004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]],"date-time":"2024-06-10T21:07:45Z","timestamp":1718053665000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effects of prime-boost strategies on the protective efficacy and immunogenicity of a PLGA (85:15)-encapsulated <i>Chlamydia<\/i> recombinant MOMP nanovaccine"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"82","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6270-2946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajnish","family":"Sahu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for NanoBiotechnology Research, Department of Biological Sciences, 1627 Harris Way, Alabama State University , Montgomery AL, 36104 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richa","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for NanoBiotechnology Research, Department of Biological Sciences, 1627 Harris Way, Alabama State University , Montgomery AL, 36104 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy E","family":"Egbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Unit 8900, DPO, AE , Box 330, 09831 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guillermo H","family":"Giambartolomei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Inmunolog\u00eda, Gen\u00e9tica y Metabolismo (INIGEM). 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Cordoba 2351, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires, C1120AAR ,","place":["Argentina"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shree R","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for NanoBiotechnology Research, Department of Biological Sciences, 1627 Harris Way, Alabama State University , Montgomery AL, 36104 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vida A","family":"Dennis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for NanoBiotechnology Research, Department of Biological Sciences, 1627 Harris Way, Alabama State University , Montgomery AL, 36104 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024121400013865400_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e76664","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0076664","article-title":"The duration of Chlamydia 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