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This parameter has multiple implications for viral pathogenesis and viral disease control, some of them unveiled thanks to deep sequencing of viral populations. Darwinian fitness is an old concept whose quantification dates back to the early developments of population genetics. It was later applied to viruses (mainly to RNA viruses) to quantify relative multiplication capacities of individual mutant clones or complex populations. The present article reviews the fitness concept and its relevance for the understanding of the adaptive dynamics of viruses in constant and changing environments. Many studies have addressed the fitness cost of escape mutations (to antibodies, cytotoxic T cells or inhibitors) as an influence on the efficacy of antiviral interventions. Here, we summarize the evidence that the basal fitness level can be a determinant of inhibitor resistance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/femspd\/ftz021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,12]],"date-time":"2019-04-12T15:17:11Z","timestamp":1555082231000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Viral fitness: history and relevance for viral pathogenesis and antiviral interventions"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Esteban","family":"Domingo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Biolog\u00eda Molecular \u201cSevero Ochoa\u201d (CSIC-UAM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CSIC), C\/ Nicol\u00e1s Cabrera 1, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) del Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana I","family":"de\u00a0\u00c1vila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Biolog\u00eda Molecular \u201cSevero Ochoa\u201d (CSIC-UAM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CSIC), C\/ Nicol\u00e1s Cabrera 1, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Gallego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Biolog\u00eda Molecular \u201cSevero Ochoa\u201d (CSIC-UAM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CSIC), C\/ Nicol\u00e1s Cabrera 1, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) del Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Sheldon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Virology, Twincore, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture Between Medical School Hannover (MHH) and Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), D-30625, Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celia","family":"Perales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Biolog\u00eda Molecular \u201cSevero Ochoa\u201d (CSIC-UAM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CSIC), C\/ Nicol\u00e1s Cabrera 1, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) del Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, IIS-Fundaci\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz, UAM. 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