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It exists as a commensal in the oral cavity, gut or genital tract of most individuals, constrained by the local microbiota, epithelial barriers and immune defences. Their perturbation can lead to fungal outgrowth and the development of mucosal infections such as oropharyngeal or vulvovaginal candidiasis, and patients with compromised immunity are susceptible to life-threatening systemic infections. The importance of the interplay between fungus, host and microbiota in driving the transition from C. albicans commensalism to pathogenicity is widely appreciated. However, the complexity of these interactions, and the significant impact of fungal, host and microbiota variability upon disease severity and outcome, are less well understood. Therefore, we summarise the features of the fungus that promote infection, and how genetic variation between clinical isolates influences pathogenicity. We discuss antifungal immunity, how this differs between mucosae, and how individual variation influences a person's susceptibility to infection. Also, we describe factors that influence the composition of gut, oral and vaginal microbiotas, and how these affect fungal colonisation and antifungal immunity. We argue that a detailed understanding of these variables, which underlie fungal-host-microbiota interactions, will present opportunities for directed antifungal therapies that benefit vulnerable patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuaa060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]],"date-time":"2020-11-18T13:12:08Z","timestamp":1605705128000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":330,"title":["The impact of the Fungus-Host-Microbiota interplay upon<i>Candida albicans<\/i>infections: current knowledge and new perspectives"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6235-3886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christophe","family":"d'Enfert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Biologie et Pathog\u00e9nicit\u00e9 Fongiques, D\u00e9partement de Mycologie, Institut Pasteur, USC 2019 INRA, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann-Kristin","family":"Kaune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Ashgrove Road West, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leovigildo-Rey","family":"Alaban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BIOASTER Microbiology Technology Institute, 40 avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cit\u00e9, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sayoni","family":"Chakraborty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbial Immunology Research Group, Emmy Noether Junior Research Group Adaptive Pathogenicity Strategies, and the Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology \u2013 Hans Kn\u00f6ll Institute, Beutenbergstra\u00dfe 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Neugasse 25, 07743 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathaniel","family":"Cole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gut Microbiology Group, Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Ashgrove Road West, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margot","family":"Delavy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Biologie et Pathog\u00e9nicit\u00e9 Fongiques, D\u00e9partement de Mycologie, Institut Pasteur, USC 2019 INRA, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cit\u00e9, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daria","family":"Kosmala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Biologie et Pathog\u00e9nicit\u00e9 Fongiques, D\u00e9partement de Mycologie, Institut Pasteur, USC 2019 INRA, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cit\u00e9, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beno\u00eet","family":"Marsaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ProDigest BV, Technologiepark 94, B-9052 Gent, Belgium"},{"name":"Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Fr\u00f3is-Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Section, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 266a, Zurich 8057, Switzerland"},{"name":"Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Z\u00fcrich 8057, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moran","family":"Morelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mimetas, Biopartner Building 2, J.H. 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