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This global outbreak was sustained primarily by human-to-human transmission within complex sexual networks. Whilst these cases were similar to previous clade II West African MPXV isolates, they were sufficiently genomically distinct to result in WHO recognizing two subclades within clade II: clade IIa and clade IIb. In 2024, a second PHEIC was declared, resulting from a marked increase in cases of clade I MPXV. In this scoping review, we compare the major clinical, epidemiological, and genomic features of the major mpox lineages and the implications for vaccination, transmission, infection control and treatment..<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuaf025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T16:30:49Z","timestamp":1749486649000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Mpox: current knowledge and understanding\u2014a scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1458-4857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen","family":"Callaby","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD ,","place":["United 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