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Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), localized exclusively in the outer leaflet of the outer membrane, is essential for maintaining bacterial integrity. Recent advances have deepened our understanding of H. pylori LPS structure, particularly lipid A modifications and the redefinition of the core oligosaccharide and O-antigen regions. The complete set of enzymes involved in LPS biosynthesis has been identified in the reference strain G27, and comparative genomics has revealed a notable regional difference (the absence of the heptan domain in East Asian strains). Here, we summarize recent insights into the structure and function of H. pylori LPS, emphasizing its role in bacterial persistence and its promise as a target for LPS-based glycoconjugate vaccine development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuaf034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,26]],"date-time":"2025-07-26T11:48:05Z","timestamp":1753530485000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Advances in\n                    <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i>\n                    lipopolysaccharide structure and function"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Xiaoqiong","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Laboratory of Infectious and Liver Diseases, Institution of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfred","family":"Tay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia , Perth, Nedlands, 6009 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Benghezal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Laboratory of Infectious and Liver Diseases, Institution of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barry J","family":"Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia , Perth, Nedlands, 6009 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Laboratory of Infectious and Liver Diseases, Institution of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3391-4679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Laboratory of Infectious and Liver Diseases, 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