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In this review, we will describe what bacterial extracellular vesicles (bEVs) are and where they come from. We will also summarize what has been learned about their biogenesis and function through foundational planktonic studies. Using this as a backdrop, we will then contextualize new and exciting discoveries made as the focus of the field has shifted to studying bEVs in more complex multi-species and biofilm communities. We will explore how, when and where bEVs are produced in biofilms and how the circumstances of their formation can affect communication, matrix remodeling, community metabolism, organization, and defense. The boundless versatility of bEVs makes them essential contributors to bacterial community life and also offers great potential for exploitation as applied biologics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuag047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T13:00:42Z","timestamp":1789563642000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bacterial extracellular vesicles as players in biofilm dynamics and community interactions"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Victoria","family":"Namiganda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Binghamton University Department of Biological Sciences, , Binghamton, NY 13902 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University , Binghamton, NY 13902 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7658-0860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey 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