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All strains were incubated on MLNA medium supplemented with OT, KTC, or a mixture of both compounds. We found that the ergosterol content was reduced by the compounds tested, both separately (20%\u201350%) and in combination (80%). OT alone and in combination with KTC reduced NADPH levels. However, we found no differences in acetyl-CoA levels under the influence of the compounds tested. We suggest that the synergism of OT and KTC is due to a reduction in the rate of the mevalonate pathway by inhibition of NADPH influx from the pentose phosphate pathway (transketolase inhibition by OT) and inhibition of C14-\u03b1-lanosterol demethylase by KTC. The proposed mechanism may be versatile for other yeast-like species, making the combination of OT and KTC a promising treatment option for superficial, opportunistic yeast-like infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/femsyr\/foaf059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T12:03:03Z","timestamp":1760097783000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Mechanism of the synergistic action of oxythiamine and ketoconazole against the yeast\n                    <i>Malassezia pachydermatis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2113-8802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Czerniecka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bia\u0142ystok Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, , Cio\u0142kowskiego 1\u00a0J, 15-245 Bia\u0142ystok ,","place":["Poland"]},{"name":"Laboratory of Tissue Culture, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok , Cio\u0142kowskiego 1\u00a0J, 15-245 Bialystok ,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Wi\u0119cko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bia\u0142ystok Department of Water Ecology, Faculty of Biology, , Cio\u0142kowskiego 1\u00a0J, 15-245 Bia\u0142ystok, \u00a0","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Tylicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bia\u0142ystok Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, , Cio\u0142kowskiego 1\u00a0J, 15-245 Bia\u0142ystok ,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026031115104505400_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mmcr.2014.04.004","article-title":"Malassezia pachydermatis fungemia in a preterm neonate resistant to fluconazole and flucytosine","volume":"5","author":"Al-Sweih","year":"2014","journal-title":"Medi Mycol Case Rep."},{"key":"2026031115104505400_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11050725","article-title":"The pentose phosphate pathway in yeasts\u2013more than a poor cousin of glycolysis","volume":"11","author":"Bertels","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"2026031115104505400_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.12.012","article-title":"Superficial veterinary mycoses","volume":"28","author":"Bond","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"2026031115104505400_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12809","article-title":"Biology, diagnosis and treatment of Malassezia dermatitis in dogs and cats Clinical Consensus Guidelines of the World Association for Veterinary Dermatology","volume":"31","author":"Bond","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"2026031115104505400_bib5","first-page":"4242","article-title":"Oxythiamine and dehydroepiandrosterone inhibit the nonoxidative synthesis of ribose and tumor cell proliferation","volume":"57","author":"Boros","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2026031115104505400_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmedchemlett.3c00047","article-title":"Inhibition of thiamine diphosphate-dependent enzymes by triazole-based thiamine analogues","volume":"14","author":"Chan","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Med Chem Lett"},{"key":"2026031115104505400_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2020.115398","article-title":"Promising antifungal agents: a minireview","volume":"28","author":"Chandrika","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioorg Med Chem"},{"key":"2026031115104505400_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2020.73","article-title":"Use of whole-genome sequencing to detect an outbreak of Malassezia pachydermatis infection and colonization in a neonatal intensive care unit\u2014California, 2015-2016","volume":"41","author":"Chow","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026031115104505400_bib9","volume-title":"Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts \u20133rd ed. 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