{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T07:59:31Z","timestamp":1785225571131,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]],"date-time":"2024-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The auricular cartilage, which is typically soft and flexible, can calcify or ossify because of diseases such as diabetes mellitus, trauma, radiation therapy for cancer, and more commonly from frostbite. Calcified, ossified, or hardened auricular cartilage is a rare finding in the clinical literature and appears to be absent in the physical and forensic anthropological literature. This study examines the ossified auricular cartilage and tests whether the hypothesis can be identified in postmortem skeletonized tissue and be part of the external auditory meatus. A total of 290 crania were examined for accessory ossicles. A descriptive and interpretative analysis was performed grossly, histologically, and morphometrically to document the morphology and location of the ossicles, investigate their structure, and perform hypothesis testing. Results revealed that seven females and one male crania from a total of 290 crania (2.76%) exhibit semi-ossified auricular cartilage attached to the tympanic plate of the temporal bone. The morphology and location of the ossicles at the junction of the auricle and external auditory meatus indicate they are hardened auricular cartilage that was verified with histological observations. Regression analysis indicates that addition of the ossicle to the depth of the auditory tube significantly changes coefficient of determination (R2) with respect to cranial breadth. In conclusion, results indicate that small cartilaginous structures of the external ear may ossify forming accessory tympanic plate ossicles that potentially could be identified in skeletal remains as a new osteological entity. This report highlights the types of information that can be gained using an approach that integrates forensic anthropology, gross anatomy, and histology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/fsr\/owae003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,14]],"date-time":"2024-01-14T00:26:49Z","timestamp":1705192009000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Accessory tympanic plate ossicle: a new osteological entity"],"prefix":"10.3788","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Robert W","family":"Mann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy , Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, , Honolulu, HI ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"The University of Hawai\u2019i at M\u0101noa , Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, , Honolulu, HI ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sittiporn","family":"Ruengdit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine , Faculty of Medicine, , Chiang Mai ,","place":["Thailand"]},{"name":"Chiang Mai University , Faculty of Medicine, , Chiang Mai ,","place":["Thailand"]},{"name":"Forensic Anthropology and Entomology Center , Faculty of Medicine, , Chiang Mai ,","place":["Thailand"]},{"name":"Chiang Mai University , Faculty of Medicine, , Chiang Mai ,","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology , John A. Burns School of Medicine, , Honolulu, HI ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"The University of Hawai\u2019i at M\u0101noa , John A. Burns School of Medicine, , Honolulu, HI ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiana","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King County Medical Examiner's Office , Seattle, WA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Lozanoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy , Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, , Honolulu, HI ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"The University of Hawai\u2019i at M\u0101noa , Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, , Honolulu, HI ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2099","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030817511291100_ref1","volume-title":"Forensic Fetal Osteology","author":"Fazekas","year":"1978"},{"key":"2025030817511291100_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8226","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-44638-w","article-title":"Genome-wide DNA from degraded petrous bones and the assessment of sex and probable geographic origins of forensic cases","volume":"9","author":"Gaudio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025030817511291100_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS2002251","article-title":"The human ear: its role in forensic practice","volume":"48","author":"Swift","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"2025030817511291100_ref4","first-page":"Article 4","article-title":"Racial identification in the skull and teeth. Totem Univ Western Ontario J Antropol","volume":"8","author":"Blumenfeld","year":"2000"},{"key":"2025030817511291100_ref5","first-page":"1","article-title":"Determination of race from the skeleton through forensic anthropological methods","volume":"7","author":"Church","year":"1995","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Rev"},{"key":"2025030817511291100_ref6","volume-title":"The Juvenile Skeleton","author":"Scheuer","year":"2004"},{"key":"2025030817511291100_ref7","first-page":"111","article-title":"Development of the auricle in the human embryo","volume":"69","author":"Streeter","year":"1922","journal-title":"Contrib Embryol"},{"key":"2025030817511291100_ref8","first-page":"203","author":"Abdalla","year":"2018"},{"key":"2025030817511291100_ref9","volume-title":"Anatomy Descriptive and Surgical","author":"Gray","year":"1985","edition":"15th"},{"key":"2025030817511291100_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E262","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25040","article-title":"Biomechanical evaluation of human and porcine auricular cartilage","volume":"125","author":"Zopf","year":"2015","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"2025030817511291100_ref11","first-page":"410601","article-title":"A rare case of petrified ear","volume":"2012","author":"Buikema","year":"2012","journal-title":"Case Rep Dermatol Med"},{"key":"2025030817511291100_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198505000-00009","article-title":"The petrified auricle: comments on ossification, calcification and exostoses of the external ear","volume":"95","author":"DiBartolomeo","year":"1985","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"2025030817511291100_ref13","article-title":"An unusual case of stubborn petrified pinna","volume":"102","author":"Reddy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J"},{"key":"2025030817511291100_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(21)00112-1","article-title":"Petrifying: ears as hard as stone in adrenal insufficiency","volume":"9","author":"Kannenberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"2025030817511291100_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-013-2735-2","article-title":"Prevalence of the petrified ear: a computed tomographic study","volume":"271","author":"Gossner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"2025030817511291100_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7812\/TPP\/18-132","article-title":"Image diagnosis: boxers ear","volume":"23","author":"Bakshi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Perm J"},{"key":"2025030817511291100_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-55-2-354","article-title":"Calcification of auricular cartilages in patients with hypopituitarism","volume":"55","author":"Barkan","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metabol"},{"key":"2025030817511291100_ref18","first-page":"72, 74","article-title":"Standards and guidelines for willed body donations at the John A. 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Reference Article","author":"Jones"}],"container-title":["Forensic Sciences Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/fsr\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/fsr\/owae003\/56056676\/owae003.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/fsr\/article-pdf\/9\/2\/owae003\/57764952\/owae003.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/fsr\/article-pdf\/9\/2\/owae003\/57764952\/owae003.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T07:09:19Z","timestamp":1785222559000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/researching.cn\/articles\/OJ114e16002c2525ba"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/fsr\/owae003","relation":{},"ISSN":["2096-1790","2471-1411"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2096-1790","type":"print"},{"value":"2471-1411","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]]},"article-number":"owae003"}}