{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T01:26:56Z","timestamp":1785547616413,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]],"date-time":"2024-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Provincia di Vicenza"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>If there is a category of war victims for whom the identification process has been and still remains an extremely challenging issue, it is the soldiers of World War One. There are various reasons for this, including unreliable identity tags, the unprecedented number of casualties, and the level of destruction caused by the massive use of \u201cnew\u201d weapons. In Italy, this phenomenon was so severe and well-known that a monument was erected in Rome specifically in memory of those unknown soldiers (\u201cTomba del Milite Ignoto\u201d). However, modern techniques in forensic archaeology and anthropology can facilitate identification even in this extreme context. In the casework described here, the presence of human remains was reported to the judicial authorities, which were subsequently located and excavated in a remote region of the Italian Alps using a range of techniques, including drone imagery, GPR, and micromorphological surveying. During the archaeological excavation of the human remains, a World War One zinc identification tag in very poor condition was found adjacent to the body. The biological profile was estimated (male, 20\u201330\u00a0years old, 166\u2009cm\u00b13.27\u00a0cm), and a trauma survey was performed. Thanks to the restoration of the ID tag, parts of the name and enrolment number were found and cross-referenced with the anthropological data of the subject, matching the information in the available military records. The victim had no siblings or offspring, making it impossible to identify descendants. However, the operation led to a contextual\/presumptive identification of the soldier and the discovery of his story. He was a native of Tuscany, who died during the \u201cPunitive Expedition\u201d (1916) and was buried, probably by his comrades, in a small flat area hidden from enemy lines. In investigations like this, the involvement of local communities, whether groups or individuals, is crucial. In this case report, it will be shown how multidisciplinary approaches and collective actions can play a pivotal role in resolving highly intricate scenarios, such as those pertaining to armed conflicts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/fsr\/owae037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]],"date-time":"2024-07-22T12:44:24Z","timestamp":1721652264000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A case study on the endeavour to identify the \u201cunidentifiable\u201d fallen soldiers of WWI on the Italian front"],"prefix":"10.3788","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Gaudio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Archaeology, Durham University , Durham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Betto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ArcSAT snc , Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2099","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024091612454098600_ref1","volume-title":"The World War I databook: the essential facts and figures for all the combatants","author":"Ellis","year":"2001."},{"key":"2024091612454098600_ref18","first-page":"65","article-title":"La mortalit\u00e9 caus\u00e9e par la guerre Mondiale","volume":"7","author":"Hersch","year":"1927","journal-title":"Metron\u2014the International Review of Statistics"},{"key":"2024091612454098600_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2020.110568","article-title":"Identity discs: the recovery and identification of First World War soldiers located during archaeological works on the former Western front","volume":"317","author":"Ashbridge","year":"2020","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"2024091612454098600_ref3","article-title":"Western Front Association","author":"O\u2019Mara","year":"2020"},{"key":"2024091612454098600_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2020.110533","article-title":"Men at war, recovery and analysis of soldiers' remains from the WWI and WWII Italian front","volume":"317","author":"Gaudio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"2024091612454098600_ref5","volume-title":"The White War: life and death on the Italian front 1915\u20131919","author":"Thompson","year":"2010."},{"key":"2024091612454098600_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2569","DOI":"10.1007\/s12520-018-0691-x","article-title":"Postmortem analysis of WWI human remains from Italian glaciers in rare environmental conditions","volume":"11","author":"Gaudio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Archaeol Anthropol Sci"},{"key":"2024091612454098600_ref7","first-page":"1037","article-title":"Studio antropologico dei resti scheletrici risalenti alla grande guerra: tra storia, medicina e antropologia","volume":"21","author":"Gaudio","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med Secoli"},{"key":"2024091612454098600_ref8","first-page":"19","article-title":"Archeologia della Guerra: nuove linee di ricerca","volume":"1","author":"De Guio","year":"2008","journal-title":"Archeologia della Grande Guerra"},{"key":"2024091612454098600_ref9","volume-title":"Guidance to standards for recording human skeletal remains","author":"Brickley","year":"2004."},{"key":"2024091612454098600_ref10","volume-title":"Standards for data collection from human skeletal remains","author":"Buikstra","year":"1994."},{"key":"2024091612454098600_ref11","article-title":"Human skeletal remains: excavation, analysis, interpretation","author":"Ubelaker","year":"1999","journal-title":"Taraxacum"},{"key":"2024091612454098600_ref17","volume-title":"Developmental juvenile osteology","author":"Black","year":"2000."},{"key":"2024091612454098600_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02437238","article-title":"Skeletal age determination based on the os pubis: a comparison of the Acs\u00e1di-Nemesk\u00e9ri and Suchey-Brooks methods","volume":"5","author":"Brooks","year":"1990","journal-title":"Human Evolution"},{"key":"2024091612454098600_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330680103","article-title":"Chronological metamorphosis of the auricular surface of the ilium: a new method for determination of adult skeletal age at death","volume":"68","author":"Lovejoy","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"key":"2024091612454098600_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330100407","article-title":"Estimation of stature from long bones of American Whites and Negroes","volume":"10","author":"Trotter","year":"1952","journal-title":"Am J Phys 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