{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T07:59:23Z","timestamp":1785225563314,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":175,"publisher":"Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]],"date-time":"2024-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship"},{"name":"Westpac Future Leaders Scholarship"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>As a leading cause of fatality, motor vehicle collisions comprise a significant proportion of medico-legal cases worldwide. During death investigations into such events, forensic practitioners may be asked to make inferences about the relationship between traumatic injuries and the circumstances of the collision. These interpretations require a thorough understanding of the hard and soft tissue blunt force trauma that results from vehicle collisions. This scoping literature review aimed to assess what is currently known about skeletal fracture patterns in occupants of fatal motor vehicle collisions and how contextual variables influence those fractures. Upon screening the search results from several databases based on a set of pre-defined inclusion criteria, 133 articles were identified including case reports, case series and large empirical studies. Most studies investigated car occupants, followed by motorcyclists, with very few focusing on heavy vehicle occupants. Fractures patterns observed comprised a high prevalence of rib, lower limb, and skull fractures in motorcyclists and a high frequency of skull, vertebral and rib fractures in car occupants, whilst pectoral girdle fractures were rare in both occupant types. The level of contextual detail about the collision varied between studies, with most failing to consider the influence of occupant and crash-related variables on resulting fractures. Further, there was a strong focus on soft tissue trauma and a lack of differentiation between fractures in deceased adult vehicle occupants and other groups. The minimal fracture data available in these studies provides limited assistance to forensic practitioners interpreting motor vehicle collision trauma. Additional research on fracture patterns in the context of the variables that influence trauma is recommended. Key pointsLimited literature exists on skeletal fracture patterns in occupants of fatal motor vehicle collisions.Motorcyclists and car occupants exhibit different fracture patterns.Few studies have examined skeletal blunt force trauma in heavy vehicle occupants.The literature inadequately considers the influence of contextual variables on fracture patterning.Additional research into fracture patterns from fatal motor vehicle collisions is necessary.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/fsr\/owae064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T09:52:43Z","timestamp":1727171563000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Patterns of skeletal trauma resulting from motor vehicle collisions: a scoping literature review"],"prefix":"10.3788","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Wulff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University , Southbank ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard G D","family":"Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University , Bundoora ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"The Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine , Southbank ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna F","family":"Dipnall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Registries, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University , Melbourne ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University , Geelong ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soren","family":"Blau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University , Southbank ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"The Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine , Southbank ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha K","family":"Rowbotham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University , Southbank ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"The Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine , Southbank ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2099","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025062418064996200_ref2","volume-title":"Road Traffic Injuries Geneva","author":"World Health 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