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Exposure to tobacco smoking has been found to be associated with epigenetic changes in the respiratory tract. Marketed as a less harmful alternative to combustible cigarettes, electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) has rapidly gained popularity in recent years, especially among youth and young adults. Accumulative evidence from both animal and human studies has shown that e-cigarette use (vaping) is also linked to similar respiratory health conditions as observed with cigarette smoking, including wheezing, asthma, and COPD. This review aims to provide an overview of current studies on associations of smoking and vaping with epigenetic alterations in respiratory cells and provide future research directions in epigenetic studies related to vaping.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/function\/zqab022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]],"date-time":"2021-04-23T08:14:40Z","timestamp":1619165680000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Perspectives on Epigenetics Alterations Associated with Smoking and Vaping"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Zidian","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical & Translational Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irfan","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 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