{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T18:58:19Z","timestamp":1791917899795,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]],"date-time":"2022-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":235,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DK124509"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DK124509"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The process of urine removal from the kidney occurs via the renal pelvis (RP). The RP demarcates the beginning of the upper urinary tract and is endowed with smooth muscle cells. Along the RP, organized contraction of smooth muscle cells generates the force required to move urine boluses toward the ureters and bladder. This process is mediated by specialized pacemaker cells that are highly expressed in the proximal RP that generate spontaneous rhythmic electrical activity to drive smooth muscle depolarization. The mechanisms by which peristaltic contractions propagate from the proximal to distal RP are not fully understood. In this study, we utilized a transgenic mouse that expresses the genetically encoded Ca2+ indicator, GCaMP3, under a myosin heavy chain promotor to visualize spreading peristaltic contractions in high spatial detail. Using this approach, we discovered variable effects of L-type Ca2+ channel antagonists on contraction parameters. Inhibition of T-type Ca2+ channels reduced the frequency and propagation distance of contractions. Similarly, antagonizing Ca2+-activated Cl\u2212 channels or altering the transmembrane Cl\u2212 gradient decreased contractile frequency and significantly inhibited peristaltic propagation. These data suggest that voltage-gated Ca2+ channels are important determinants of contraction initiation and maintain the fidelity of peristalsis as the spreading contraction moves further toward the ureter. Recruitment of Ca2+-activated Cl\u2212 channels, likely Anoctamin-1, and T-type Ca2+ channels are required for efficiently conducting the depolarizing current throughout the length of the RP. These mechanisms are necessary for the efficient removal of urine from the kidney.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/function\/zqac041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]],"date-time":"2022-08-24T18:48:02Z","timestamp":1661366882000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Propagation of Pacemaker Activity and Peristaltic Contractions in the Mouse Renal Pelvis Rely on Ca2+-activated Cl\u2212 Channels and T-Type Ca2+ Channels"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Nathan","family":"Grainger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine , 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, NV, 89557, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cameron C","family":"Shonnard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine , 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, NV, 89557, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sage K","family":"Quiggle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine , 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, NV, 89557, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily B","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine , 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, NV, 89557, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Presley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine , 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, NV, 89557, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robbie","family":"Daugherty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine , 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, NV, 89557, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew C","family":"Shonnard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine , 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, NV, 89557, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard T","family":"Drumm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine , 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, NV, 89557, USA"},{"name":"Department of Life and Health Science, Dundalk Institute of Technology , Dublin Road, Dundalk, Co. 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