{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:51:50Z","timestamp":1787169110587,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]],"date-time":"2022-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FDN-746 143247"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FDN-746 143247"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Quebec Cardiometabolic Health, Diabetes and Obesity"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We compared endogenous \u03c9-3 PUFA production to supplementation for improving obesity-related metabolic dysfunction. Fat-1 transgenic mice, who endogenously convert exogenous \u03c9-6 to \u03c9-3 PUFA, and wild-type littermates were fed a high-fat diet and a daily dose of either \u03c9-3 or \u03c9-6 PUFA-rich oil for 12 wk. The endogenous \u03c9-3 PUFA production improved glucose intolerance and insulin resistance but not hepatic steatosis. Conversely, \u03c9-3 PUFA supplementation fully prevented hepatic steatosis but failed to improve insulin resistance. Both models increased hepatic levels of \u03c9-3 PUFA-containing 2-monoacylglycerol and N-acylethanolamine congeners, and reduced levels of \u03c9-6 PUFA-derived endocannabinoids with \u03c9-3 PUFA supplementation being more efficacious. Reduced hepatic lipid accumulation associated with the endocannabinoidome metabolites EPEA and DHEA, which was causally demonstrated by lower lipid accumulation in oleic acid-treated hepatic cells treated with these metabolites. While both models induced a significant fecal enrichment of the beneficial Allobaculum genus, mice supplemented with \u03c9-3 PUFA displayed additional changes in the gut microbiota functions with a significant reduction of fecal levels of the proinflammatory molecules lipopolysaccharide and flagellin. Multiple-factor analysis identify that the metabolic improvements induced by \u03c9-3 PUFAs were accompanied by a reduced production of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF\u03b1, and that \u03c9-3 PUFA supplementation had a stronger effect on improving the hepatic fatty acid profile than endogenous \u03c9-3 PUFA. While endogenous \u03c9-3 PUFA production preferably improves glucose tolerance and insulin resistance, \u03c9-3 PUFA intake appears to be required to elicit selective changes in hepatic endocannabinoidome signaling that are essential to alleviate high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/function\/zqac069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]],"date-time":"2022-12-29T19:13:25Z","timestamp":1672341205000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Comparing Transgenic Production to Supplementation of \u03c9-3 PUFA Reveals Distinct But Overlapping Mechanisms Underlying Protection Against Metabolic and Hepatic Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"No\u00ebmie","family":"Daniel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, School of Nutrition, Laval University , Quebec, QC G1V 0A6 , Canada"},{"name":"Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Laval University, Quebec , QC G1V 4G5 , Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Centre NUTRISS, Quebec , QC G1V 0A6 , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00e9lanie","family":"Le\u00a0Barz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Laval University, Quebec , QC G1V 4G5 , Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Centre NUTRISS, Quebec , QC G1V 0A6 , Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Laval University , QC G1V 0A6 , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia L","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Laval University, Quebec , QC G1V 4G5 , Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Centre NUTRISS, Quebec , QC G1V 0A6 , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thibault V","family":"Varin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Laval University, Quebec , QC G1V 4G5 , Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Centre NUTRISS, Quebec , QC G1V 0A6 , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle Bourdeau","family":"Julien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Centre NUTRISS, Quebec , QC G1V 0A6 , Canada"},{"name":"Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Laval University , Quebec, QC G1V 0A6 , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Farabos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Antoine Research Center, Sorbonne University INSERM UMR 938; Assistance Publique - H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Clinical Metabolomics department, Ho\u0302pital Saint Antoine , Paris, 75571 , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Genevi\u00e8ve","family":"Pilon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Laval University, Quebec , QC G1V 4G5 , Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Centre NUTRISS, Quebec , QC G1V 0A6 , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9e","family":"Gauthier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, and Department of Anatomy and Cell Physiology, University of Florida , Gainesville FL, 32608 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carole","family":"Garofalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, University of Montreal, Montreal QC H3T 1A8, Canada and Research Centre, Sainte-Justine Hospital , Montreal, QC H3T 1C5 , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing X","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Charlestown MA 02129 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jocelyn","family":"Trottier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, CHU-Quebec Research Centre, and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University , Quebec, QC G1V 0A6 , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Barbier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, CHU-Quebec Research Centre, and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University , Quebec, QC G1V 0A6 , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denis","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, School of Nutrition, Laval University , Quebec, QC G1V 0A6 , Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Centre NUTRISS, Quebec , QC G1V 0A6 , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benoit","family":"Chassaing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U1016, Mucosal Microbiota in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases\u2019 Team, CNRS UMR 8104, University of Paris , Paris, 75014 , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emile","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, University of Montreal, Montreal QC H3T 1A8, Canada and Research Centre, Sainte-Justine Hospital , Montreal, QC H3T 1C5 , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Raymond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Centre NUTRISS, Quebec , QC G1V 0A6 , Canada"},{"name":"Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Laval University , Quebec, QC G1V 0A6 , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0813-7370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonin","family":"Lamaziere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Antoine Research Center, Sorbonne University INSERM UMR 938; Assistance Publique - H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Clinical Metabolomics department, Ho\u0302pital Saint Antoine , Paris, 75571 , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Flamand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Laval University, Quebec , QC G1V 4G5 , Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Laval University , QC G1V 0A6 , Canada"},{"name":"Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Laval University , Quebec, QC G1V 0A6 , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristoforo","family":"Silvestri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Laval University, Quebec , QC G1V 4G5 , Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Centre NUTRISS, Quebec , QC G1V 0A6 , Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Laval University , QC G1V 0A6 , Canada"},{"name":"Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Laval University , Quebec, QC G1V 0A6 , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Jobin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, and Department of Anatomy and Cell Physiology, University of Florida , Gainesville FL, 32608 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Di\u00a0Marzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Laval University, Quebec , QC G1V 4G5 , Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Centre NUTRISS, Quebec , QC G1V 0A6 , Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Laval University , QC G1V 0A6 , Canada"},{"name":"Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Laval University , Quebec, QC G1V 0A6 , Canada"},{"name":"Joint International Research Unit on Chemical and Biomolecular Research on the Microbiome and its Impact on Metabolic Health and Nutrition between Laval University and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry , Campania, 80078 , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3950-5973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Marette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Laval University, Quebec , QC G1V 4G5 , Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Centre NUTRISS, Quebec , QC G1V 0A6 , Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Laval University , QC G1V 0A6 , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"2023020909115492200_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2016.85","article-title":"The role of the gut microbiota in NAFLD","volume":"13","author":"Leung","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023020909115492200_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17040481","article-title":"Diet, microbiota, obesity, and NAFLD: a dangerous quartet","volume":"17","author":"Machado","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"29","key":"2023020909115492200_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5314","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612811319290011","article-title":"Gut-liver axis and microbiota in NAFLD: insight pathophysiology for novel therapeutic target","volume":"19","author":"Miele","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"issue":"12","key":"2023020909115492200_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2645","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18122645","article-title":"Impact of omega-3 fatty acids on the gut microbiota","volume":"18","author":"Costantini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023020909115492200_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11276","DOI":"10.1038\/srep11276","article-title":"A host-microbiome interaction mediates the opposing effects of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids on metabolic endotoxemia","volume":"5","author":"Kaliannan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"11","key":"2023020909115492200_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-019-1248-9","article-title":"The expanded endocannabinoid system\/endocannabinoidome as a potential target for treating diabetes mellitus","volume":"19","author":"Veilleux","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Diab Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"2023020909115492200_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1956","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11081956","article-title":"Lifestyle and metabolic syndrome: contribution of the endocannabinoidome","volume":"11","author":"Di\u00a0Marzo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023020909115492200_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15975","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-72861-3","article-title":"Dietary fatty acid intake and gut microbiota determine circulating endocannabinoidome signaling beyond the effect of body fat","volume":"10","author":"Castonguay-Paradis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"s1","key":"2023020909115492200_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.2008.01678.x","article-title":"Endocannabinoids: some like it fat (and sweet too)","volume":"20","author":"Matias","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2023020909115492200_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.109.104844","article-title":"Endocannabinoids may mediate the ability of (n-3) fatty acids to reduce ectopic fat and inflammatory mediators in obese Zucker rats","volume":"139","author":"Batetta","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023020909115492200_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-7075-8-51","article-title":"Effect of dietary krill oil supplementation on the endocannabinoidome of metabolically relevant tissues from high-fat-fed mice","volume":"8","author":"Piscitelli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nutr Metab (Lond)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023020909115492200_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-511X-12-78","article-title":"Chronic treatment with krill powder reduces plasma triglyceride and anandamide levels in mildly obese men","volume":"12","author":"Berge","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"2023020909115492200_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1824","DOI":"10.2337\/db15-1279","article-title":"Early low-fat diet enriched with linolenic acid reduces liver endocannabinoid tone and improves late glycemic control after a high-fat diet challenge in mice","volume":"65","author":"Demizieux","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"10","key":"2023020909115492200_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1080\/1028415X.2017.1347373","article-title":"Polyunsaturated fatty acids and endocannabinoids in health and disease","volume":"21","author":"Freitas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutr Neurosci"},{"key":"2023020909115492200_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prostaglandins.2019.106337","article-title":"Emerging class of omega-3 fatty acid endocannabinoids & their derivatives","volume":"143","author":"Watson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat"},{"key":"2023020909115492200_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prostaglandins.2019.106351","article-title":"The role of n-3 PUFA-derived fatty acid derivatives and their oxygenated metabolites in the modulation of inflammation","volume":"144","author":"De\u00a0Bus","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023020909115492200_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e38834","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0038834","article-title":"Metabolic effects of n-3 PUFA as phospholipids are superior to triglycerides in mice fed a high-fat diet: possible role of endocannabinoids","volume":"7","author":"Rossmeisl","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7","key":"2023020909115492200_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2018.03.011","article-title":"Differential modulation of white adipose tissue endocannabinoid levels by n-3 fatty acids in obese mice and type 2 diabetic patients","volume":"1863","author":"Rossmeisl","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023020909115492200_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2015.211","article-title":"Endocannabinoids\u2014at the crossroads between the gut microbiota and host metabolism","volume":"12","author":"Cani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023020909115492200_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-08051-7","article-title":"Intestinal epithelial N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D links dietary fat to metabolic adaptations in obesity and steatosis","volume":"10","author":"Everard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023020909115492200_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00407","DOI":"10.1128\/mSystems.00407-19","article-title":"Rapid and concomitant gut microbiota and endocannabinoidome response to diet-induced obesity in mice","volume":"4","author":"Lacroix","year":"2019","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"issue":"6974","key":"2023020909115492200_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1038\/427504a","article-title":"Transgenic mice: fat-1 mice convert n-6 to n-3 fatty acids","volume":"427","author":"Kang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"12","key":"2023020909115492200_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3066","DOI":"10.2337\/db10-0054","article-title":"Transgenic restoration of long-chain n-3 fatty acids in insulin target tissues improves resolution capacity and alleviates obesity-linked inflammation and insulin resistance in high-fat-fed mice","volume":"59","author":"White","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023020909115492200_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2015.01.017","article-title":"Transgenic \u03c9-3 PUFA enrichment alters morphology and gene expression profile in adipose tissue of obese mice: potential role for protectins","volume":"64","author":"White","year":"2015","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023020909115492200_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2017.01.006","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its treatment with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids","volume":"37","author":"De\u00a0Castro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023020909115492200_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-307142","article-title":"A polyphenol-rich cranberry extract protects from diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance and intestinal inflammation in association with increased Akkermansia spp. population in the gut microbiota of mice","volume":"64","author":"Anh\u00ea","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2023020909115492200_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2015.04.010","article-title":"Plasma fatty acid composition in French\u2013Canadian children with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: effect of n-3 PUFA supplementation","volume":"99","author":"Spahis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2023020909115492200_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2010.11.001","article-title":"Differential distribution of DHA-phospholipids in rat brain after feeding: a lipidomic approach","volume":"84","author":"Lamaziere","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids"},{"key":"2023020909115492200_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsr.2020.103285","article-title":"Lipidome variations of deep-sea vent shrimps according to acclimation pressure: a homeoviscous response?","volume":"161","author":"Shillito","year":"2020","journal-title":"Deep Sea Res.Part I Oceanogr Res Pap"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023020909115492200_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)64849-5","article-title":"A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues","volume":"226","author":"Folch","year":"1957","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023020909115492200_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12818","article-title":"Treatment with a novel agent combining docosahexaenoate and metformin increases protectin DX and IL-6 production in skeletal muscle and reduces insulin resistance in obese diabetic db\/db mice","volume":"19","author":"Mitchell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"2023020909115492200_bib32","first-page":"e21559","article-title":"Fish oil replacement prevents, while docosahexaenoic acid-derived protectin DX mitigates end-stage-renal-disease in atherosclerotic diabetic mice","volume":"35(5)","author":"Perazza","year":"2021","journal-title":"FASEB J Off Publ Fed Am Soc Exp Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023020909115492200_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1080\/19466315.2019.1701546","article-title":"Methods for non-compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis with observations below the limit of quantification","volume":"13","author":"Barnett","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stat Biopharm Res"},{"key":"2023020909115492200_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1906","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.201101121","article-title":"Alternative method for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of short-chain fatty acids in faecal samples","volume":"35","author":"Garc\u00eda-Villalba","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Sep Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"2023020909115492200_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2620","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-16-3472","article-title":"Locoregional effects of microbiota in a preclinical model of colon carcinogenesis","volume":"77","author":"Tomkovich","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"16","key":"2023020909115492200_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2194","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr381","article-title":"UCHIME improves sensitivity and speed of chimera detection","volume":"27","author":"Edgar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"19","key":"2023020909115492200_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2460","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btq461","article-title":"Search and clustering orders of magnitude faster than BLAST","volume":"26","author":"Edgar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"7","key":"2023020909115492200_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5069","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.03006-05","article-title":"Greengenes, a chimera-checked 16S rRNA gene database and workbench compatible with ARB","volume":"72","author":"Desantis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"16","key":"2023020909115492200_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5261","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00062-07","article-title":"Naive Bayesian classifier for rapid assignment of rRNA sequences into the new bacterial taxonomy","volume":"73","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023020909115492200_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2276","article-title":"Quality-filtering vastly improves diversity estimates from Illumina amplicon sequencing","volume":"10","author":"Bokulich","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"issue":"D1","key":"2023020909115492200_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D633","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkt1244","article-title":"Ribosomal Database Project: data and tools for high throughput rRNA analysis","volume":"42","author":"Cole","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"2023020909115492200_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2013-304909","article-title":"AIEC pathobiont instigates chronic colitis in susceptible hosts by altering microbiota composition","volume":"63","author":"Chassaing","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023020909115492200_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-019-0637-2","article-title":"Sequence and cultivation study of Muribaculaceae reveals novel species, host preference, and functional potential of this yet undescribed family","volume":"7","author":"Lagkouvardos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"2023020909115492200_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plipres.2019.04.003","article-title":"Plasmalogens: a potential therapeutic target for neurodegenerative and cardiometabolic disease","volume":"74","author":"Paul","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prog Lipid Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023020909115492200_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24782","article-title":"Hepatic ratio of phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylethanolamine predicts survival after partial hepatectomy in mice","volume":"55","author":"Ling","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"7","key":"2023020909115492200_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2017.04.004","article-title":"Roles of diacylglycerols and ceramides in hepatic insulin resistance","volume":"38","author":"Petersen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"2023020909115492200_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-019-0134-8","article-title":"Metabolic messengers: ceramides","volume":"1","author":"Summers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Metab"},{"issue":"8","key":"2023020909115492200_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114520003177","article-title":"The impact of EPA and DHA on ceramide lipotoxicity in the metabolic syndrome","volume":"125","author":"Walchuk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023020909115492200_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.21037\/hbsn.2019.04.03","article-title":"Endogenously increased n-3 PUFA levels in fat-1 transgenic mice do not protect from non-alcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"8","author":"Liebig","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr"},{"issue":"10","key":"2023020909115492200_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2012.08.029","article-title":"Endogenously synthesized n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in fat-1 mice ameliorate high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"84","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2023020909115492200_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4053","DOI":"10.1039\/C7FO01050H","article-title":"Fat-1 mice prevent high-fat plus high-sugar diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"8","author":"Guo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"key":"2023020909115492200_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709435","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.709435","article-title":"Dietary control of inflammation and resolution","volume":"8","author":"Sears","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023020909115492200_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2012.01.016","article-title":"Transcriptomic and metabolomic signatures of an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation in a normolipidemic\/normocholesterolemic Caucasian population","volume":"24","author":"Rudkowska","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Nutr Biochem"},{"key":"2023020909115492200_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2266","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-013-2981-2","article-title":"Prediction of non-alcoholic fatty-liver disease and liver fat content by serum molecular lipids","volume":"56(10)","author":"Ore\u0161i\u010d","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"8","key":"2023020909115492200_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2331","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-1760","article-title":"Circulating lysophosphatidylcholines are markers of a metabolically benign nonalcoholic fatty liver","volume":"36","author":"Lehmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"12","key":"2023020909115492200_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-021-00502-9","article-title":"Metabolomics and lipidomics in NAFLD: biomarkers and non-invasive diagnostic tests","volume":"18","author":"Masoodi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023020909115492200_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.P056002","article-title":"Biomarkers of NAFLD progression: a lipidomics approach to an epidemic","volume":"56","author":"Gorden","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"2023020909115492200_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-044453219-0.50010-6","article-title":"CHAPTER 8 - Phospholipid biosynthesis in eukaryotes","volume-title":"Biochemistry of Lipids, Lipoproteins and Membranes","author":"Vance","year":"2008","edition":"5th"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023020909115492200_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23229","article-title":"The plasma lipidomic signature of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"50","author":"Puri","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023020909115492200_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00442582","article-title":"Deficiency of plasmalogens in the cerebro-hepato-renal (Zellweger) syndrome","volume":"142","author":"Heymans","year":"1984","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023020909115492200_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2006.03.007","article-title":"The ratio of phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylethanolamine influences membrane integrity and steatohepatitis","volume":"3","author":"Li","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023020909115492200_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2008.01.007","article-title":"On the importance of plasmalogen status in stimulated arachidonic acid release in the macrophage cell line RAW 264.7","volume":"1781","author":"Gaposchkin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023020909115492200_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.03.001","article-title":"The endocannabinoid system in energy homeostasis and the etiopathology of metabolic disorders","volume":"17","author":"Silvestri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023020909115492200_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200523057","article-title":"Endocannabinoid activation at hepatic CB1 receptors stimulates fatty acid synthesis and contributes to diet-induced obesity","volume":"115","author":"Osei-Hyiaman","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023020909115492200_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.01.032","article-title":"Hepatic cannabinoid receptor-1 mediates diet-induced insulin resistance via inhibition of insulin signaling and clearance in mice","volume":"142","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"8","key":"2023020909115492200_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.2337\/db17-1488","article-title":"The transplantation of \u03c93 PUFA-altered gut microbiota of fat-1 mice to wild-type littermates prevents obesity and associated metabolic disorders","volume":"67","author":"Bidu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023020909115492200_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2016.27","article-title":"Omega-3 fatty acids prevent early-life antibiotic exposure-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis and later-life obesity","volume":"40","author":"Kaliannan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"issue":"22","key":"2023020909115492200_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI152242","article-title":"Cannabinoid receptor 1 signaling in hepatocytes and stellate cells does not contribute to NAFLD","volume":"131","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023020909115492200_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2014.02.004","article-title":"Glucose metabolism: focus on gut microbiota, the endocannabinoid system and beyond","volume":"40","author":"Cani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab"},{"issue":"10","key":"2023020909115492200_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2010.06.006","article-title":"Docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid are converted by 3T3-L1 adipocytes to N-acyl ethanolamines with anti-inflammatory properties","volume":"1801","author":"Balvers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023020909115492200_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-016-2499-3","article-title":"5-lipoxygenase mediates docosahexaenoyl ethanolamide and N-arachidonoyl-L-alanine-induced reactive oxygen species production and inhibition of proliferation of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells","volume":"16","author":"Park","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023020909115492200_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.275.1.605","article-title":"Evidence that 2-arachidonoylglycerol but not N-palmitoylethanolamine or anandamide is the physiological ligand for the cannabinoid CB2 receptor. Comparison of the agonistic activities of various cannabinoid receptor ligands in HL-60 cells","volume":"275","author":"Sugiura","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"11","key":"2023020909115492200_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2018.08.003","article-title":"n-3 polyunsaturated N-acylethanolamines are CB(2) cannabinoid receptor-preferring endocannabinoids","volume":"1863","author":"Alharthi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023020909115492200_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.03.032","article-title":"Cannabinoid signaling and liver therapeutics","volume":"59","author":"Mallat","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"23","key":"2023020909115492200_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4449","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-016-2300-4","article-title":"The CB(2) receptor and its role as a regulator of inflammation","volume":"73","author":"Turcotte","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023020909115492200_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2014.03.008","article-title":"Effects of fish oil with a high content of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on mouse gut microbiota","volume":"45","author":"Yu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch Med Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"2023020909115492200_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11081900","article-title":"Dietary supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids reduces opioid-seeking behaviors and alters the gut microbiome","volume":"11","author":"Hakimian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"10","key":"2023020909115492200_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2116","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2014.45","article-title":"Microbiome of prebiotic-treated mice reveals novel targets involved in host response during obesity","volume":"8","author":"Everard","year":"2014","journal-title":"ISME J"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023020909115492200_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8500","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-44994-7","article-title":"Effects of different diets on microbiota in the small intestine mucus and weight regulation in rats","volume":"9","author":"Meng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023020909115492200_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E418","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00172.2017","article-title":"Genetic ablation of Cyp8b1 preserves host metabolic function by repressing steatohepatitis and altering gut microbiota composition","volume":"314","author":"Patankar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023020909115492200_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14405","DOI":"10.1038\/srep14405","article-title":"Modulation of gut microbiota by berberine and metformin during the treatment of high-fat diet-induced obesity in rats","volume":"5","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2023020909115492200_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4175","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00380-09","article-title":"Diet-induced metabolic improvements in a hamster model of hypercholesterolemia are strongly linked to alterations of the gut microbiota","volume":"75","author":"Mart\u00ednez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023020909115492200_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-016-7868-y","article-title":"Effects of deep sea water and Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei NTU 101 on hypercholesterolemia hamsters gut microbiota","volume":"101","author":"Lin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023020909115492200_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6495","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms7495","article-title":"Adipose tissue NAPE-PLD controls fat mass development by altering the browning process and gut microbiota","volume":"6","author":"Geurts","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023020909115492200_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3109\/10409238.2015.1092944","article-title":"Macrophage-derived lipid agonists of PPAR-\u03b1 as intrinsic controllers of inflammation","volume":"51","author":"Pontis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"2023020909115492200_bib86","first-page":"1247","article-title":"Hepatic NAPE-PLD is a key regulator of liver lipid metabolism","volume-title":"Cells","author":"Lefort","year":"2020"},{"issue":"11","key":"2023020909115492200_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1744","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-307913","article-title":"Effects of targeted delivery of propionate to the human colon on appetite regulation, body weight maintenance and adiposity in overweight adults","volume":"64","author":"Chambers","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023020909115492200_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-321173","article-title":"Bacteria-derived long chain fatty acid exhibits anti-inflammatory properties in colitis","volume":"70","author":"Pujo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"24","key":"2023020909115492200_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6615","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.0c01947","article-title":"Gut microbiome and metabolome response of pu-erh tea on metabolism disorder induced by chronic alcohol consumption","volume":"68","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023020909115492200_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-022-03643-9","article-title":"Probiotics and their beneficial effects on alcohol-induced liver injury in a rat model: the role of fecal microbiota","volume":"22","author":"Chayanupatkul","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Complement Med Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023020909115492200_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.4141\/cjas81-119","article-title":"Influence of propionic acid on the cholesterol metabolism of pigs fed hypercholesterol diets","volume":"61","author":"Thacker","year":"1981","journal-title":"Can J Anim Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023020909115492200_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-175-41791","article-title":"Propionate may mediate the hypocholesterolemic effects of certain soluble plant fibers in cholesterol-fed rats","volume":"175","author":"Chen","year":"1984","journal-title":"Proc Soc Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"2023020909115492200_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2014.00350","article-title":"Nutrient cross-feeding in the microbial world","volume":"5","author":"Seth","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023020909115492200_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3593","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.72.5.3593-3599.2006","article-title":"Two routes of metabolic cross-feeding between Bifidobacterium adolescentis and butyrate-producing anaerobes from the human gut","volume":"72","author":"Belenguer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023020909115492200_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.201439263","article-title":"The composition of the gut microbiota shapes the colon mucus barrier","volume":"16","author":"Jakobsson","year":"2015","journal-title":"EMBO Rep"}],"container-title":["Function"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.physiology.org\/doi\/full\/10.1093\/function\/zqac069","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1093\/function\/zqac069","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T17:06:59Z","timestamp":1781629619000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.physiology.org\/doi\/full\/10.1093\/function\/zqac069"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]]},"references-count":95,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/function\/zqac069","relation":{},"ISSN":["2633-8823"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2633-8823","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]]},"article-number":"zqac069"}}