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Therefore, mice with PSS should be identified as outliers in research. Accordingly, we sought methods to, reliably and efficiently, identify PSS mice. Serum total bile acids\u00a0\u2265\u00a040 \u00b5m is a bona fide biomarker of PSS in mice but utility of this biomarker is limited by its cost and invasiveness, particularly if large numbers of mice are to be screened. This led us to investigate if assay of urine might serve as a simple, inexpensive, noninvasive means of PSS diagnosis. Metabolome profiling uncovered that Krebs cycle intermediates, that is, citrate, \u03b1-ketoglutarate, and fumarate, were strikingly and distinctly elevated in the urine of PSS mice. We leveraged the iron-chelating and pH-lowering properties of such metabolites as the basis for 3 urine-based PSS screening tests: urinary iron-chelation assay, pH strip test, and phenol red assay. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of using these colorimetric assays, whereby their readout can be assessed by direct observation, to diagnose PSS in an inexpensive, rapid, and noninvasive manner. Application of our urinary PSS screening protocols can aid biomedical research by enabling stratification of PSS mice, which, at present, likely confound numerous ongoing studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/function\/zqad040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]],"date-time":"2023-07-28T11:06:10Z","timestamp":1690542370000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Urine-based Detection of Congenital Portosystemic Shunt in C57BL\/6 Mice"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Beng San","family":"Yeoh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences , Toledo, OH 43614 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel M","family":"Golonka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences , Toledo, OH 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