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However, its mode of action is not completely understood, and effective pharmacotherapeutic interventions remain elusive. The cholinergic effects of cocaine on acetylcholine receptors, synthetic enzymes, and degradative enzymes have been the focus of relatively little empirical investigation. Due to its genetic tractability and anatomical simplicity, the egg laying circuit of the hermaphroditic nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, is a powerful model system to precisely examine the genetic and molecular targets of cocaine in vivo. Here, we report a novel cocaine-induced behavioral phenotype in C. elegans, cocaine-stimulated egg laying. In addition, we present the results of an in vivo candidate suppression screen of synthetic enzymes, receptors, degradative enzymes, and downstream components of the intracellular signaling cascades of the main neurotransmitter systems that control C. elegans egg laying. Our results show that cocaine-stimulated egg laying is dependent on acetylcholine synthesis and synaptic release, functional nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and the C. elegans acetylcholinesterases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/g3journal\/jkab143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]],"date-time":"2021-04-29T11:50:21Z","timestamp":1619697021000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Acetylcholine signaling genes are required for cocaine-stimulated egg laying in\n                    <i>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4337-5833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soren","family":"Emerson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Interdisciplinary Program, Davidson College, Davidson, NC 28035, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Hay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, Davidson College, Davidson, NC 28035, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Interdisciplinary Program, Davidson College, Davidson, NC 28035, USA"},{"name":"Psychology Department, Davidson College, Davidson, NC 28035, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricky","family":"Granger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, Davidson College, Davidson, NC 28035, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Blauch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Department, Davidson College, Davidson, NC 28035 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Snyder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Department, Davidson College, Davidson, NC 28035 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2328-0773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachid","family":"El Bejjani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Interdisciplinary Program, Davidson College, Davidson, NC 28035, USA"},{"name":"Biology Department, Davidson College, Davidson, NC 28035, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021100712032493500_jkab143-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8342028","article-title":"The Caenorhabditis elegans unc-17 gene: a putative vesicular acetylcholine transporter","volume":"261","author":"Alfonso","year":"1993","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021100712032493500_jkab143-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2005.02.024","article-title":"Tyramine functions independently of octopamine in the Caenorhabditis elegans nervous system","volume":"46","author":"Alkema","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2021100712032493500_jkab143-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/S0928-4257(99)80006-0","article-title":"Four acetylcholinesterase genes in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"92","author":"Arpagaus","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Physiol Paris"},{"key":"2021100712032493500_jkab143-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8060","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-22-08060.2003","article-title":"Genetic and cellular basis for acetylcholine inhibition of Caenorhabditis elegans egg-laying behavior","volume":"23","author":"Bany","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2021100712032493500_jkab143-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2016.06.036","article-title":"Neural inhibition of dopaminergic signaling enhances immunity in a cell non-autonomous manner","volume":"26","author":"Cao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Biol."},{"key":"2021100712032493500_jkab143-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10671","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3399-05.2005","article-title":"The G-Protein-coupled serotonin receptor SER-1 regulates egg laying and male mating behaviors in Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"25","author":"Carnell","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2021100712032493500_jkab143-B7","author":"Chase","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biogenic Amine Neurotransmitters in C. elegans. 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