{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T23:42:27Z","timestamp":1792885347141,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R15HG011528"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R15HG011528"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000270","name":"Natural Environment Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NE\/X009637\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NE\/X009637\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Malaria in sub-Saharan Africa is transmitted by mosquitoes from the Anopheles genus. Efforts to control the spread of malaria have often focused on these vectors, but little is known about the demographic history of populations and species of Anopheles mosquitoes. Here, we adapt and apply an innovative generative deep learning algorithm to infer the joint evolutionary history of Anopheles gambiae populations sampled in Guinea and Burkina Faso. We further develop a model selection approach and discover that an evolutionary model with migration fits this pair of populations better than a model without post-split migration. For the migration model, we find that our method accurately captures population genetic differentiation. These findings demonstrate that machine learning and generative models are a valuable direction for future understanding of the evolution of malaria vectors, including the joint inference of demography and natural selection. Understanding changes in population size, migration patterns, and adaptation in hosts, vectors, and pathogens will assist malaria control interventions, with the ultimate goal of predicting nuanced outcomes from insecticide resistance to population collapse.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/g3journal\/jkag114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T11:30:47Z","timestamp":1778758247000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["On the use of generative models for demographic inference in malaria vectors from genomic data"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Amelia Adibe","family":"Eneli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road, London E1 4NS ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pui Chung","family":"Siu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road, London E1 4NS ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manolo F","family":"Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biodiversidad y Conservaci\u00f3n, Real Jard\u00edn Bot\u00e1nico, CSIC , 2 Pl. Murillo, Madrid 28014 ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London , Silwood Park, Ascot SL5 7PY ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5146-9640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Austin","family":"Burt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London , Silwood Park, Ascot SL5 7PY ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4084-2953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Fumagalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road, London E1 4NS ,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"The Alan Turing Institute , 96 Euston Road, London NW1 2DB ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Mathieson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Haverford College , Haverford, PA 19041 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04342-5","article-title":"Anopheles metabolic proteins in malaria transmission, prevention and control: a review","volume":"13","author":"Adedeji","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e54967","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.54967","article-title":"A community-maintained standard library of population genetic models","volume":"9","author":"Adrion","year":"2020","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1038\/nature24995","article-title":"Genetic diversity of the African malaria vector Anopheles gambiae","volume":"552","author":"Anopheles gambiae 1000 Genomes Consortium","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.262790.120","article-title":"Genome variation and population structure among 1,142 mosquitoes of the African malaria vector species Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii","volume":"30","author":"Anopheles gambiae 1000 Genomes Consortium","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B5","author":"Anopheles gambiae 1000 Genomes Consortium","year":"2024"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"msaf094","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msaf094","article-title":"Efficient detection and characterization of targets of natural selection using transfer learning","volume":"42","author":"Arnab","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e54507","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.54507","article-title":"Predicting geographic location from genetic variation with deep neural networks","volume":"9","author":"Battey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"iyab229","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/iyab229","article-title":"Efficient ancestry and mutation simulation with msprime 1.0","volume":"220","author":"Baumdicker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmala.2024.1337572","article-title":"A descriptive review of next-generation insecticide-treated bed nets for malaria control","volume":"2","author":"B\u00f6hmert","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Malar"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"iyad063","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/iyad063","article-title":"This population does not exist: learning the distribution of evolutionary histories with generative adversarial networks","volume":"224","author":"Booker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2244","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.279399.124","article-title":"Inferring ancestry with the hierarchical soft clustering approach Tanglegen","volume":"34","author":"Burger","year":"2024","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cois.2019.03.005","article-title":"Behavioural adaptations of mosquito vectors to insecticide control","volume":"34","author":"Carrasco","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Opin Insect Sci"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/9780429284748","volume-title":"The ecology of malaria vectors","author":"Charlwood","year":"2019"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genet-111523-102651","article-title":"Population genomic scans for natural selection and demography","volume":"58","author":"Cheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Annu Rev Genet"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5303","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.15845","article-title":"The genetic architecture of target-site resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in the African malaria vectors Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii","volume":"30","author":"Clarkson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Ecol"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B16","author":"Cobb","year":"2025"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B17","author":"Corbel","year":"2013"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-021-03788-x","article-title":"Using deep learning to identify recent positive selection in malaria parasite sequence data","volume":"20","author":"Deelder","year":"2021","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1093\/evlett\/qrag004","article-title":"AI solutions for evolutionary genomics of nonmodel species","volume":"10","author":"DeGiorgio","year":"2026","journal-title":"Evol Lett"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1038\/s10038-020-00851-4","article-title":"A review of UMAP in population genetics","volume":"66","author":"Diaz-Papkovich","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hum Genet"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msy224","article-title":"The unreasonable effectiveness of convolutional neural networks in population genetic inference","volume":"36","author":"Flagel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2661","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-0998.13427","article-title":"Phylogeographic model selection using convolutional neural networks","volume":"21","author":"Fonseca","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Ecol Resour"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1111\/evo.12063","article-title":"The importance of mosquito behavioural adaptations to malaria control in Africa","volume":"67","author":"Gatton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B24","author":"Goodfellow","year":"2020"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"Gower","year":"2023","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.04.27.538386"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1009556","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1009556","article-title":"CRISPR\/Cas9 modified An. gambiae carrying kdr mutation L1014F functionally validate its contribution in insecticide resistance and combined effect with metabolic enzymes","volume":"17","author":"Grigoraki","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000695","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1000695","article-title":"Inferring the joint demographic history of multiple populations from multidimensional SNP frequency data","volume":"5","author":"Gutenkunst","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-022-01242-1","article-title":"Modelling spatiotemporal trends in the frequency of genetic mutations conferring insecticide target-site resistance in African mosquito malaria vector species","volume":"20","author":"Hancock","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Biol"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1111\/eva.13546","article-title":"Insecticide resistance management strategies for public health control of mosquitoes exhibiting polygenic resistance: a comparison of sequences, rotations, and mixtures","volume":"16","author":"Hobbs","year":"2023","journal-title":"Evol Appl"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2706","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-0998.13379","article-title":"Distinguishing between recent balancing selection and incomplete sweep using deep neural networks","volume":"21","author":"Isildak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Ecol Resour"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2986","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msab050","article-title":"The impact of purifying and background selection on the inference of population history: problems and prospects","volume":"38","author":"Johri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"msad100","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msad100","article-title":"Developing an evolutionary baseline model for humans: jointly inferring purifying selection with population history","volume":"40","author":"Johri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-024-05211-7","article-title":"Pyrethroid-resistant malaria vector Anopheles gambiae restored susceptibility after pre-exposure to piperonyl-butoxide: results from country-wide insecticide resistance monitoring in Tanzania, 2023","volume":"23","author":"Kabula","year":"2024","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins4090748","article-title":"The biological control of the malaria vector","volume":"4","author":"Kamareddine","year":"2012","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1004842","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1004842","article-title":"Efficient coalescent simulation and genealogical analysis for large sample sizes","volume":"12","author":"Kelleher","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"evaf066","DOI":"10.1093\/gbe\/evaf066","article-title":"Demographic history, genetic load, and the efficacy of selection in the globally invasive mosquito Aedes aegypti","volume":"17","author":"Kent","year":"2025","journal-title":"Genome Biol Evol"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000211","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2016-000211","article-title":"Developing an expanded vector control toolbox for malaria elimination","volume":"2","author":"Killeen","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29267-8","article-title":"Congruent evolutionary responses of European steppe biota to late quaternary climate change","volume":"13","author":"Kirschner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"evad008","DOI":"10.1093\/gbe\/evad008","article-title":"Deep learning in population genetics","volume":"15","author":"Korfmann","year":"2023","journal-title":"Genome Biol Evol"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"RP84874","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.84874","article-title":"Expanding the stdpopsim species catalog, and lessons learned for realistic genome simulations","volume":"12","author":"Lauterbur","year":"2023","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1012811","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1012811","article-title":"Genomic exploration of the journey of Plasmodium vivax in Latin America","volume":"21","author":"Lefebvre","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20141448","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2014.1448","article-title":"Genetic variation reveals large-scale population expansion and migration during the expansion of bantu-speaking peoples","volume":"281","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B43","author":"Loshchilov","year":"2017"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"msae118","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msae118","article-title":"Biases in arg-based inference of historical population size in populations experiencing selection","volume":"41","author":"Marsh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"McCann","year":"2024","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.05.26.595955"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a025569","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a025569","article-title":"Malaria pathogenesis","volume":"8","author":"Milner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-021-03997-4","article-title":"Genetic markers associated with insecticide resistance and resting behaviour in Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes in selected sites in Kenya","volume":"20","author":"Mwagira-Maina","year":"2021","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.genet.39.073003.112420","article-title":"Molecular signatures of natural selection","volume":"39","author":"Nielsen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu Rev Genet"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2012.10.006","article-title":"Impact of environment on mosquito response to pyrethroid insecticides: facts, evidences and prospects","volume":"43","author":"Nkya","year":"2013","journal-title":"Insect Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20190803","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2019.0803","article-title":"Control of malaria-transmitting mosquitoes using gene drives","volume":"376","author":"Nolan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B51","author":"Organization, World Health","year":"2024"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3667","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-03918-z","article-title":"Insecticide susceptibility of anopheles mosquitoes changes in response to variations in the larval environment","volume":"7","author":"Owusu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-0998.13534","article-title":"Coalescent-based species delimitation meets deep learning: insights from a highly fragmented cactus system","volume":"22","author":"Perez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Ecol Resour"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2328","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01249-7","article-title":"Malaria","volume":"402","author":"Poespoprodjo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"bbac202","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbac202","article-title":"KLFDAPC: a supervised machine learning approach for spatial genetic structure analysis","volume":"23","author":"Qin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brief Bioinform"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"msaf141","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msaf141","article-title":"Sweeps in space: leveraging geographic data to identify beneficial alleles in Anopheles gambiae","volume":"42","author":"Rehmann","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117863022095279","DOI":"10.1177\/1178630220952790","article-title":"Assessing insecticide resistance in adult mosquitoes: perspectives on current methods","volume":"14","author":"Richards","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ Health Insights"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"iyae024","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/iyae024","article-title":"Interpreting generative adversarial networks to infer natural selection from genetic data","volume":"226","author":"Riley","year":"2024","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2645","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-0998.13224","article-title":"Deep learning for population size history inference: design, comparison and combination with approximate Bayesian computation","volume":"21","author":"Sanchez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Ecol Resour"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2017.12.005","article-title":"Supervised machine learning for population genetics: a new paradigm","volume":"34","author":"Schrider","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Genet"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2219835120","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2219835120","article-title":"Standing genetic variation and chromosome differences drove rapid ecotype formation in a major malaria mosquito","volume":"120","author":"Small","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-023-05522-7","article-title":"dispersenn2: a neural network for estimating dispersal distance from georeferenced polymorphism data","volume":"24","author":"Smith","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"iyad068","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/iyad068","article-title":"Dispersal inference from population genetic variation using a convolutional neural network","volume":"224","author":"Smith","year":"2023","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"btad543","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btad543","article-title":"Phylogenetic inference using generative adversarial networks","volume":"39","author":"Smith","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-023-04444-2","article-title":"Impact of insecticide resistance on malaria vector competence: a literature review","volume":"22","author":"Suh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.01.013","article-title":"Machine learning for evolutionary genetics and molecular evolution","volume":"42","author":"Svetec","year":"2026","journal-title":"Trends Genet"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"Szatkownik","year":"2024","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.08.07.607012"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3748","article-title":"Robust and scalable inference of population history from hundreds of unphased whole genomes","volume":"49","author":"Terhorst","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"Thor","year":"2026","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/iyaf068"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1549348","DOI":"10.3389\/finsc.2025.1549348","article-title":"One health, many approaches: integrated vector management strategies support one health goals","volume":"5","author":"Tiffin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Insect Sci"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-019-2927-x","article-title":"Imagene: a convolutional neural network to quantify natural selection from genomic data","volume":"20","author":"Torada","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2689","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-0998.13386","article-title":"Automatic inference of demographic parameters using generative adversarial networks","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Ecol Resour"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1178646919855940","DOI":"10.1177\/1178646919855940","article-title":"Nicotinamide and demographic and disease transitions: moderation is best","volume":"12","author":"Williams","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Tryptophan Res"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-3-67","article-title":"Cuticle thickening associated with pyrethroid resistance in the major malaria vector Anopheles funestus","volume":"3","author":"Wood","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msaa259","article-title":"Discovery of ongoing selective sweeps within anopheles mosquito populations using deep learning","volume":"38","author":"Xue","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1009303","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1009303","article-title":"Creating artificial human genomes using generative neural networks","volume":"17","author":"Yelmen","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1011584","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1011584","article-title":"Deep convolutional and conditional neural networks for large-scale genomic data generation","volume":"19","author":"Yelmen","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"2026070604324604000_jkag114-B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biodatasci-020722-115651","article-title":"An overview of deep generative models in functional and evolutionary genomics","volume":"6","author":"Yelmen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biomed Data Sci"}],"container-title":["G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/g3journal\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/g3journal\/jkag114\/68284269\/jkag114.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/g3journal\/article-pdf\/16\/7\/jkag114\/68284269\/jkag114.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/g3journal\/article-pdf\/16\/7\/jkag114\/68284269\/jkag114.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T08:33:18Z","timestamp":1783326798000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/g3journal\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/g3journal\/jkag114\/8677993"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"A","family":"Kern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/g3journal\/jkag114","relation":{},"ISSN":["2160-1836"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2160-1836","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"article-number":"jkag114"}}