{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T06:19:25Z","timestamp":1790489965829,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,27]],"date-time":"2020-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585267200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Universal vaccination for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and migratory movements have changed the demographic characteristics of this disease in Spain and in Europe. Therefore, we evaluated the characteristics of the disease and the possible differences according to origin (immigrants vs non-immigrants) and access to treatment.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This is a multicenter cross-sectional study (June 2014 to May 2015) in which outpatients with a positive HBsAg were seen and followed in four Hepatology units. Demographic and clinical data and indication and access to treatment were collected in two different regions of Catalonia (Spain) where there are no barriers to treatment due to a comprehensive coverage under the National Health System.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 951 patients were evaluated (48.1% men). Of these, 46.6% were immigrants (58.7% of them were born in Africa) and were significantly younger compared to non-immigrants. The proportions of patients with alcohol consumption, being overweight, and other indicators of metabolic co-morbidities were significantly higher in non-immigrants. Among the 937 patients receiving HBeAg examination, 91.7% were HBeAg-negative. Chronic HBeAg-positive infection was significantly higher in immigrants (3.9% vs 0.6%, P\u2009=\u20090.001) and chronic HBeAg-negative hepatitis was higher non-immigrants (31.7% vs 21.4%, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001). Not only was the proportion of patients who met treatment criteria significantly higher among non-immigrants (38.4% vs 29.2%, P\u2009=\u20090.003), but also the proportion of those with indication of effectively receiving therapy at the time of data collection (83.2% vs 57.8 %, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The immigrant population with HBV is younger and has a lower prevalence of metabolic co-morbidities and a higher frequency of chronic HBeAg infection. Despite having access to care and an indication for treatment, some do not get adequately treated due to several factors including local adaptation that precludes access to treatment.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/gastro\/goaa010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,11]],"date-time":"2020-02-11T12:09:26Z","timestamp":1581422966000},"page":"362-366","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Current trends in access to treatment for hepatitis B in immigrants vs non-immigrants"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4566-4962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mireia","family":"Miquel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Unit, Gastroenterology Department, Parc Taul\u00ed University Hospital, Institut d\u2019Investigacio i Innovaci\u00f3 Parc Taul\u00ed I3PT, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Pardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, University Hospital Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Montse","family":"Forn\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Liver Unit, Gastroenterology Department, University Hospital M\u00fatua Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gemma","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Alpin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Unit, Gastroenterology Department, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adri\u00e0","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Castellano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, University Hospital Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meritxell","family":"Casas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Unit, Gastroenterology Department, Parc Taul\u00ed University Hospital, Institut d\u2019Investigacio i Innovaci\u00f3 Parc Taul\u00ed I3PT, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merc\u00e8","family":"Rosinach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Unit, Gastroenterology Department, University Hospital M\u00fatua Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merc\u00e8","family":"Roget","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Unit, Gastroenterology Department, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blai","family":"Dalmau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Unit, Gastroenterology Department, Parc Taul\u00ed University Hospital, Institut d\u2019Investigacio i Innovaci\u00f3 Parc Taul\u00ed I3PT, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roc\u00edo","family":"Temi\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Unit, Gastroenterology Department, University Hospital M\u00fatua Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan Carlos","family":"Quer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, University Hospital Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordi","family":"Sanchez-Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Unit, Gastroenterology Department, Parc Taul\u00ed University Hospital, Institut d\u2019Investigacio i Innovaci\u00f3 Parc Taul\u00ed I3PT, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordi","family":"Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Unit, Gastroenterology Department, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mercedes","family":"Vergara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Unit, Gastroenterology Department, Parc Taul\u00ed University Hospital, Institut d\u2019Investigacio i Innovaci\u00f3 Parc Taul\u00ed I3PT, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020110115410056000_goaa010-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2014.12.010","article-title":"Vaccination against hepatitis B. 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