{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T15:41:57Z","timestamp":1791560517518,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]],"date-time":"2024-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712880000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":112,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"General Research Fund\u2014Research Grant Council","award":["14106922"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14106922"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Liver fibrosis is the common pathway from various chronic liver diseases and its progression leads to cirrhosis which carries a significant risk for the development of portal hypertension-related complications and hepatocellular carcinoma. It is crucial to identify and halt the worsening of liver fibrosis given its important prognostic implication. Liver biopsy is the gold standard for assessing the degree of liver fibrosis but is limited due to its invasiveness and impracticality for serial monitoring. Many noninvasive tests have been developed over the years trying to assess liver fibrosis in a practical and accurate way. The tests are mainly laboratory- or imaging-based, or in combination. Laboratory-based tests can be derived from simply routine blood tests to patented laboratory parameters. Imaging modalities include ultrasound and magnetic resonance elastography, in which vibration-controlled transient elastography is the most widely validated and adopted whereas magnetic resonance elastography has been proven the most accurate liver fibrosis assessment tool. Nonetheless, noninvasive tests do not always apply to all liver diseases, nor does a common cut-off value of a test mean the same degree of liver fibrosis in different scenarios. In this review, we discuss the diagnostic and prognostic performance, as well as the confounders and limitations, of different noninvasive tests on liver fibrosis assessment in various liver diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/gastro\/goae024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]],"date-time":"2024-04-12T00:30:25Z","timestamp":1712881825000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Noninvasive tests for liver fibrosis in 2024: are there different scales for different diseases?"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jimmy Che-To","family":"Lai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR,","place":["China"]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Medical Data Analytics Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lilian Yan","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR,","place":["China"]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Medical Data Analytics Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2863-9389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grace Lai-Hung","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR,","place":["China"]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Medical Data Analytics Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29800","article-title":"Update on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic hepatitis B: AASLD 2018 hepatitis B guidance","volume":"67","author":"Terrault","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-015-9675-4","article-title":"Asian-Pacific clinical practice guidelines on the management of hepatitis B: a 2015 update","volume":"10","author":"Sarin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.03.021","article-title":"EASL 2017 Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"67","author":"European Association for the Study of the Liver","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100441","article-title":"Novel machine learning models outperform risk scores in predicting hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic viral hepatitis","volume":"4","author":"Wong","year":"2022","journal-title":"JHEP Rep"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12658","article-title":"Coincidental metabolic syndrome increases the risk of liver fibrosis progression in patients with chronic hepatitis B\u2014a prospective cohort study with paired transient elastography examinations","volume":"39","author":"Wong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(16)30011-5","article-title":"Pathogenesis and novel treatment options for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"1","author":"Wong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50346","article-title":"A simple noninvasive index can predict both significant fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C","volume":"38","author":"Wai","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45768","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.17470","article-title":"Impact of age on the diagnostic performances and cut-offs of APRI and FIB-4 for significant fibrosis and cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.04.023","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy and prognostic significance of blood fibrosis tests and liver stiffness measurement by FibroScan in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"65","author":"Boursier","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21178","article-title":"Development of a simple noninvasive index to predict significant fibrosis in patients with HIV\/HCV coinfection","volume":"43","author":"Sterling","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2016.453","article-title":"Age as a confounding factor for the accurate non-invasive diagnosis of advanced NAFLD fibrosis","volume":"112","author":"McPherson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.36128","article-title":"Identification of chronic hepatitis C patients without hepatic fibrosis by a simple predictive model","volume":"36","author":"Forns","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.05.037","article-title":"Prognostic performance of 7 biomarkers compared to liver biopsy in early alcohol-related liver disease","volume":"75","author":"Rasmussen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21520","article-title":"Fibroindex, a practical index for predicting significant fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C","volume":"45","author":"Koda","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21496","article-title":"The NAFLD fibrosis score: a noninvasive system that identifies liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD","volume":"45","author":"Angulo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.11.030","article-title":"Accuracy of noninvasive scoring systems in assessing risk of death and liver-related endpoints in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"17","author":"Hagstr\u00f6m","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.17722","article-title":"MAFLD fibrosis score: Using routine measures to identify advanced fibrosis in metabolic-associated fatty liver disease","volume":"58","author":"Cheung","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2007.146019","article-title":"Development and validation of a simple NAFLD clinical scoring system for identifying patients without advanced disease","volume":"57","author":"Harrison","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32545","article-title":"The steatosis-associated fibrosis estimator (SAFE) score: A tool to detect low-risk NAFLD in primary care","volume":"77","author":"Sripongpun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.08.052","article-title":"Serum markers detect the presence of liver fibrosis: A cohort study","volume":"127","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15269","article-title":"Improvement in enhanced liver fibrosis score and liver stiffness measurement reflects lower risk of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"49","author":"Liang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100765","article-title":"Enhanced liver Fibrosis\u00ae test predicts liver-related outcomes in the general population","volume":"5","author":"Saarinen","year":"2023","journal-title":"JHEP Rep"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1920","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9121920","article-title":"Systematic review with meta-analysis: diagnostic accuracy of pro-C3 for hepatic fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"9","author":"Mak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1356","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab897","article-title":"Fibrogenesis Marker PRO-C3 Is Higher in Advanced Liver Fibrosis and Improves in Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery","volume":"107","author":"Bel Lassen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30163","article-title":"ADAPT: An Algorithm Incorporating PRO-C3 Accurately Identifies Patients With NAFLD and Advanced Fibrosis","volume":"69","author":"Daniels","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154958","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2021.154958","article-title":"Among simple non-invasive scores, Pro-C3 and ADAPT best exclude advanced fibrosis in Asian patients with MAFLD","volume":"128","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2004.04055.x","article-title":"Circulating matrix metalloproteinases 1, 2, 9 and their inhibitors TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 as serum markers of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C: comparison with PIIINP and hyaluronic acid","volume":"99","author":"Leroy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04258-6","article-title":"Biochemical markers of liver fibrosis in patients with hepatitis C virus infection: a prospective study","volume":"357","author":"Imbert-Bismut","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.14990","article-title":"Long-term prognostic value of the FibroTest in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, compared to chronic hepatitis C, B, and alcoholic liver disease","volume":"48","author":"Munteanu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22085","article-title":"The predictive value of FIB-4 versus FibroTest, APRI, FibroIndex and Forns index to noninvasively estimate fibrosis in hepatitis C and nonhepatitis C liver diseases","volume":"47","author":"Adler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1867","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2005.048389","article-title":"Hepascore: an accurate validated predictor of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C infection","volume":"51","author":"Adams","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.12.013","article-title":"Prospective comparison of six non-invasive scores for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C","volume":"46","author":"Leroy","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2910","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10132910","article-title":"Systematic review with meta-analyses: diagnostic accuracy of fibrometer tests in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"10","author":"Van Dijk","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.04.020","article-title":"New sequential combinations of non-invasive fibrosis tests provide an accurate diagnosis of advanced fibrosis in NAFLD","volume":"71","author":"Boursier","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.10.038","article-title":"NIS2+(TM) as a screening tool to optimize patient selection in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis clinical trials","volume":"80","author":"Ratziu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2008.01037.x","article-title":"Alanine aminotransferase-based algorithms of liver stiffness measurement by transient elastography (Fibroscan) for liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B","volume":"16","author":"Chan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2008.01802.x","article-title":"Non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis by stiffness measurement in patients with chronic hepatitis B","volume":"29","author":"Marcellin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2010.04276.x","article-title":"Development of a non-invasive algorithm with transient elastography (Fibroscan) and serum test formula for advanced liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B","volume":"31","author":"Wong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.11.018","article-title":"Prospective comparison of transient elastography, Fibrotest, APRI, and liver biopsy for the assessment of fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C","volume":"128","author":"Castera","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20506","article-title":"Noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis by measurement of stiffness in patients with chronic hepatitis C","volume":"41","author":"Ziol","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2008.149708","article-title":"Reliability of transient elastography for the diagnosis of advanced fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C","volume":"57","author":"Arena","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000194238.15831.c7","article-title":"Diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis by transient elastography in HIV\/hepatitis C virus-coinfected patients","volume":"41","author":"de Ledinghen","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23312","article-title":"Diagnosis of fibrosis and cirrhosis using liver stiffness measurement in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"51","author":"Wong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2008.08.011","article-title":"Assessment of liver fibrosis using transient elastography in patients with alcoholic liver disease","volume":"49","author":"Nahon","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.05.023","article-title":"Transient elastography in autoimmune hepatitis: Timing determines the impact of inflammation and fibrosis","volume":"65","author":"Hartl","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21151","article-title":"Assessment of biliary fibrosis by transient elastography in patients with PBC and PSC","volume":"43","author":"Corpechot","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1080\/17474124.2019.1579641","article-title":"Non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis and prognosis: an update on serum and elastography markers","volume":"13","author":"Agbim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.01.034","article-title":"Performance of transient elastography for the staging of liver fibrosis: a meta-analysis","volume":"134","author":"Friedrich-Rust","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e3181b4af1f","article-title":"A meta-analysis of transient elastography for the detection of hepatic fibrosis","volume":"44","author":"Stebbing","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.05.025","article-title":"EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines on non-invasive tests for evaluation of liver disease severity and prognosis - 2021 update","volume":"75","author":"European Association for the Study of the Liver","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.03.026","article-title":"Impact of non-invasive biomarkers on hepatology practice: Past, present and future","volume":"76","author":"Anstee","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2019.0001n","article-title":"Application of transient elastography in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"26","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Mol Hepatol"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.05.022","article-title":"Expanding consensus in portal hypertension: Report of the Baveno VI Consensus Workshop: Stratifying risk and individualizing care for portal hypertension","volume":"63","author":"de Franchis","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.12.022","article-title":"Baveno VIIF. Baveno VII\u2014Renewing consensus in portal hypertension","volume":"76","author":"de Franchis","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.11.050","article-title":"Refining the Baveno VI elastography criteria for the definition of compensated advanced chronic liver disease","volume":"74","author":"Papatheodoridi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000647","article-title":"AASLD practice guidance on risk stratification and management of portal hypertension and varices in cirrhosis","author":"Kaplan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.05.035","article-title":"Measurement of spleen stiffness to evaluate portal hypertension and the presence of esophageal varices in patients with HCV-related cirrhosis","volume":"143","author":"Colecchia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14020189","article-title":"Palm-Sized Wireless Transient Elastography System with Real-Time B-Mode Ultrasound Imaging Guidance: Toward Point-of-Care Liver Fibrosis Assessment","volume":"14","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2008.07.039","article-title":"Exceeding the limits of liver histology markers","volume":"50","author":"Mehta","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advms.2023.12.001","article-title":"Liver fibrosis assessment in pediatric population\u2014can ultrasound elastography be an alternative method to liver biopsy? A systematic review","volume":"69","author":"Medy\u0144ska-Prz\u0119czek","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv Med Sci"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.14103","article-title":"Non-invasive assessments for liver fibrosis: The crystal ball we long for","volume":"33","author":"Wong","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29179","article-title":"Assessment of biopsy-proven liver fibrosis by two-dimensional shear wave elastography: An individual patient data-based meta-analysis","volume":"67","author":"Herrmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4839","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v23.i26.4839","article-title":"Non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis using two-dimensional shear wave elastography in patients with autoimmune liver diseases","volume":"23","author":"Zeng","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.09.040","article-title":"Transient and 2-dimensional shear-wave elastography provide comparable assessment of alcoholic liver fibrosis and cirrhosis","volume":"150","author":"Thiele","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0157219","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0157219","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of 2D-shear wave elastography for liver fibrosis severity: a meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Jiang","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s13244-020-0839-y","article-title":"2D shear wave elastography (SWE) performance versus vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE\/fibroscan) in the assessment of liver stiffness in chronic hepatitis","volume":"11","author":"Osman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-323419","article-title":"Two-dimensional shear wave elastography predicts survival in advanced chronic liver disease","volume":"71","author":"Trebicka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14439","article-title":"2D shear wave liver elastography by Aixplorer to detect portal hypertension in cirrhosis: An individual patient data meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Thiele","year":"2020","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4616","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-022-08601-0","article-title":"Prediction of high-risk esophageal varices in patients with chronic liver disease with point and 2D shear wave elastography: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2018.07.031","article-title":"Point Shear Wave Elastography for Non-invasive Assessment of Liver Fibrosis in Patients with Viral Hepatitis","volume":"44","author":"Bucsics","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4787","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i16.4787","article-title":"Point shear wave elastography method for assessing liver stiffness","volume":"20","author":"Ferraioli","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0212771","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0212771","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of a point shear wave elastography (pSWE) for hepatic fibrosis in patients with autoimmune liver disease","volume":"14","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e021787","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-021787","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of point shear wave elastography and transient elastography for staging hepatic fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Jiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.03.013","article-title":"The diagnostic accuracy of Fibroscan for cirrhosis is influenced by liver morphometry in HCV patients with a sustained virological response","volume":"59","author":"D'Ambrosio","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-22-6454","article-title":"Two-dimensional shear wave elastography utilized in patients with ascites: a more reliable method than transient elastography for noninvasively detecting the liver stiffness-an original study with 170 patients","volume":"11","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200604000-00015","article-title":"Prevalence and factors associated with failure of liver stiffness measurement using FibroScan in a prospective study of 2114 examinations","volume":"18","author":"Foucher","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23425","article-title":"Pitfalls of liver stiffness measurement: a 5-year prospective study of 13,369 examinations","volume":"51","author":"Castera","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2057","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2018-317334","article-title":"Unified interpretation of liver stiffness measurement by M and XL probes in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"68","author":"Wong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2009.02100.x","article-title":"Food intake increases liver stiffness in patients with chronic or resolved hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"29","author":"Mederacke","year":"2009","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3037","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-021-03269-4","article-title":"Liver fibrosis assessment: MR and US elastography","volume":"47","author":"Ozturk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Abdom Radiol"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1920","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27362","article-title":"Magnetic resonance elastography predicts advanced fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a prospective study","volume":"60","author":"Loomba","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.04.044","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of elastography and magnetic resonance imaging in patients with NAFLD: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"75","author":"Selvaraj","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2014.09.046","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance elastography in staging liver fibrosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data","volume":"13","author":"Singh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.11.048","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging more accurately classifies steatosis and fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease than transient elastography","volume":"150","author":"Imajo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.10.026","article-title":"Magnetic resonance elastography vs transient elastography in detection of fibrosis and noninvasive measurement of steatosis in patients with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"152","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.05.059","article-title":"Magnetic resonance vs transient elastography analysis of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and pooled analysis of individual participants","volume":"17","author":"Hsu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-021-03324-0","article-title":"Magnetic resonance elastography of the liver: everything you need to know to get started","volume":"47","author":"Pepin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Abdom Radiol (NY)"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3157","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.28362","article-title":"Macromolecular proton fraction mapping based on spin-lock magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"84","author":"Hou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.28308","article-title":"Detecting Early-Stage Liver Fibrosis Using Macromolecular Proton Fraction Mapping Based on Spin-Lock MRI: Preliminary Observations","volume":"57","author":"Hou","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.01.013","article-title":"Non-invasive testing and risk-stratification in patients with MASLD","author":"Zoncape","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e9843","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000009843","article-title":"Platelet count to spleen thickness ratio is related to histologic severity of primary biliary cholangitis","volume":"97","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29557","article-title":"Portal pressure and liver stiffness measurements in the prediction of fibrosis regression after sustained virological response in recurrent hepatitis C","volume":"67","author":"Mauro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2009.05779.x","article-title":"Increased liver stiffness measurement by transient elastography in severe acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B","volume":"24","author":"Wong","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22007","article-title":"Acute viral hepatitis increases liver stiffness values measured by transient elastography","volume":"47","author":"Arena","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1093\/gastro\/got007","article-title":"Update of liver fibrosis and steatosis with transient elastography (Fibroscan)","volume":"1","author":"Wong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf)"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.09.029","article-title":"Liver stiffness-based optimization of hepatocellular carcinoma risk score in patients with chronic hepatitis B","volume":"60","author":"Wong","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.12.005","article-title":"Reassessing the accuracy of PAGE-B-related scores to predict hepatocellular carcinoma development in patients with chronic hepatitis B","volume":"72","author":"Yip","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25606","article-title":"A morphometric and immunohistochemical study to assess the benefit of a sustained virological response in hepatitis C virus patients with cirrhosis","volume":"56","author":"D'Ambrosio","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13256","article-title":"Direct antiviral agent treatment of chronic hepatitis C results in rapid regression of transient elastography and fibrosis markers fibrosis-4 score and aspartate aminotransferase-platelet ratio index","volume":"37","author":"Bachofner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.04.038","article-title":"Magnitude and Kinetics of Decrease in Liver Stiffness After Antiviral Therapy in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Singh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-019-0973-5","article-title":"Rapid decline of noninvasive fibrosis index values in patients with hepatitis C receiving treatment with direct-acting antiviral agents","volume":"19","author":"Hsu","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0195173","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0195173","article-title":"Shear wave elastography predicts hepatocellular carcinoma risk in hepatitis C patients after sustained virological response","volume":"13","author":"Hamada","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v13.i8.949","article-title":"Non-invasive tests for predicting liver outcomes in chronic hepatitis C patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Yongpisarn","year":"2021","journal-title":"World J Hepatol"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(22)00165-0","article-title":"The prevalence and incidence of NAFLD worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Riazi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.01.043","article-title":"Association Between Fibrosis Stage and Outcomes of Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"158","author":"Taylor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2212","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32511-3","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"397","author":"Powell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29302","article-title":"Comparison of laboratory tests, ultrasound, or magnetic resonance elastography to detect fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A meta-analysis","volume":"66","author":"Xiao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13549","article-title":"Steatosis severity affects the diagnostic performances of noninvasive fibrosis tests in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"38","author":"Joo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.11.009","article-title":"Using NIS2+ to identify at-risk MASH in clinical trials","volume":"80","author":"Lai","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24694","article-title":"\"Normal\" liver stiffness measure (LSM) values are higher in both lean and obese individuals: a population-based study from a developing country","volume":"55","author":"Das","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000153","article-title":"Impact of obesity and alanine aminotransferase levels on the diagnostic accuracy for advanced liver fibrosis of noninvasive tools in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"114","author":"Petta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2024100917405358900_goae024-B112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25599","article-title":"Noninvasive elastography-based assessment of liver fibrosis progression and prognosis in primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"56","author":"Corpechot","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatology"}],"container-title":["Gastroenterology Report"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/gastro\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/gastro\/goae024\/59648955\/goae024.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/gastro\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/gastro\/goae024\/59648955\/goae024.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T11:52:25Z","timestamp":1731585145000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/gastro\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/gastro\/goae024\/7644342"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,22]]},"references-count":112,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gastro\/goae024","relation":{},"ISSN":["2052-0034"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2052-0034","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,22]]},"article-number":"goae024"}}