{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T08:35:13Z","timestamp":1790757313839,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":133,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/gastro\/gox009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,31]],"date-time":"2017-03-31T04:13:53Z","timestamp":1490933633000},"page":"127-137","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":93,"title":["Renal dysfunction in cirrhosis: acute kidney injury and the hepatorenal syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Theresa","family":"Bucsics","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Krones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"\u00a01282","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20687","article-title":"MELD score and clinical type predict prognosis in hepatorenal syndrome: relevance to liver transplantation","volume":"41","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.33160","article-title":"Pretransplant renal function predicts survival in patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation","volume":"35","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2003.50016","article-title":"Model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) and allocation of donor livers","volume":"124","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2012.96","article-title":"Recent advances in our understanding of hepatorenal syndrome","volume":"9","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1159\/000444553","article-title":"Liver cirrhosis and kidney","volume":"34","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dig Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.03.039","article-title":"Evaluation of the Acute Kidney Injury Network criteria in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis and ascites","volume":"59","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840200619","article-title":"Renal impairment after spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis: incidence, clinical course, predictive factors and prognosis","volume":"20","year":"1994","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2206","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2001.03958.x","article-title":"Risk factors for the development of renal dysfunction in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis","volume":"96","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2064","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22605","article-title":"Acute kidney injury in cirrhosis","volume":"48","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.27830","article-title":"Renal failure after upper gastrointestinal bleeding in cirrhosis: incidence, clinical course, predictive factors, and short-term prognosis","volume":"34","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-301255","article-title":"Acute kidney injury in decompensated cirrhosis","volume":"62","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2010.11.038","article-title":"Renal dysfunction is the most important independent predictor of mortality in cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis","volume":"9","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.04.036","article-title":"A modified acute kidney injury classification for diagnosis and risk stratification of impairment of kidney function in cirrhosis","volume":"59","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R23","DOI":"10.1186\/cc11188","article-title":"Hepatorenal syndrome: the 8th international consensus conference of the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI) Group","volume":"16","year":"2012","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1097\/00075198-200212000-00005","article-title":"Developing a consensus classification system for acute renal failure","volume":"8","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr Opin Crit Care"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-197307000-00009","article-title":"Hepatorenal syndrome: study of clinical characteristics in a large series","volume":"66","year":"1973","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90031-7","article-title":"Incidence, predictive factors, and prognosis of the hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis with ascites","volume":"105","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.11.025","article-title":"The evaluation of renal function and disease in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"52","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.06.065","article-title":"Primary prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis delays hepatorenal syndrome and improves survival in cirrhosis","volume":"133","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2121","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12795","article-title":"Risk factors for development of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and subsequent mortality in cirrhotic patients with ascites","volume":"35","year":"2015","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B21","first-page":"1310","article-title":"Diagnosis, prevention and treatment of hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis","volume":"56","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2015.174","article-title":"The evolving concept of acute kidney injury in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"12","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-186304000-00002","article-title":"Clinical report on hydro-peritoneum, based on an analysis of forty-six cases","volume":"45","year":"1863","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-194208000-00007","article-title":"Severe trauma of the liver with \u2018hepatorenal syndrome\u2019","volume":"116","year":"1942","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B25","first-page":"290","article-title":"Hepatorenal syndrome with recovery","volume":"57","year":"1947","journal-title":"Canad MAJ"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B26","first-page":"55","article-title":"The liver and its relation to chronic abdominal infection","volume":"79","year":"1923","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-193701000-00002","article-title":"Complications after gallbladder surgery.","volume":"105","year":"1937","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B28","first-page":"349","article-title":"Diffuse rindennekrose beider nieren nach leberruptur","volume":"4","year":"1927","journal-title":"Krankheitsforschung"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-193910000-00015","article-title":"Liver trauma and the hepatorenal syndrome","volume":"110","year":"1939","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-196703000-00011","article-title":"Functional renal failure with cirrhosis: the effect of plasma expansion therapy","volume":"46","year":"1967","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B31","first-page":"847","article-title":"The hepatorenal syndrome: recovery after portacaval shunt","volume":"181","year":"1975","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-197112000-00003","article-title":"Development of renal impairment in Laennec\u2019s cirrhosis","volume":"174","year":"1971","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(66)90021-3","article-title":"Effect of side to side portacaval shunt on intractable ascites, sodium excretion, and aldosterone metabolism in man","volume":"112","year":"1966","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B34","volume-title":"Hepatorenal Syndrome","year":"1979"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510230122","article-title":"Definition and diagnostic criteria of refractory ascites and hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis: International Ascites Club","volume":"23","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26359","article-title":"Introduction to the revised American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases Practice Guideline management of adult patients with ascites due to cirrhosis 2012","volume":"57","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B37","first-page":"986","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of acute kidney injury in patients with cirrhosis: revised consensus recommendations of the International Club of Ascites","volume":"62","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.05.022","article-title":"Expanding consensus in portal hypertension: Report of the Baveno VI Consensus Workshop: Stratifying risk and individualizing care for portal hypertension","volume":"63","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R31","DOI":"10.1186\/cc5713","article-title":"Acute Kidney Injury Network: report of an initiative to improve outcomes in acute kidney injury","volume":"11","year":"2007","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B40","first-page":"1","article-title":"KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline for Acute Kidney Injury","volume":"2","author":"International Society of Nephrology T","year":"2012","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.08.051","article-title":"New consensus definition of acute kidney injury accurately predicts 30-day mortality in patients with cirrhosis with infection","volume":"145","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B42","article-title":"Hepatology Snapshot: New diagnostic criteria and management of Acute Kidney Injury Hepatology Snapshot","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Hepatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.1990.tb01800.x","article-title":"Tubular site of renal sodium retention in ascitic liver cirrhosis evaluated by lithium clearance","volume":"20","year":"1990","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2016.0056","article-title":"Acute kidney injury in liver cirrhosis: new definition and application","volume":"22","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Mol Hepatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-307526","article-title":"Acute kidney injury and acute-on-chronic liver failure classifications in prognosis assessment of patients with acute decompensation of cirrhosis","volume":"64","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B46","first-page":"1567","article-title":"Impact of acute kidney injury on prognosis of patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"30","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.04.004","article-title":"Severe acute kidney injury associated with non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs in cirrhosis: a case-control study","volume":"63","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.10.036","article-title":"To close the stable door before the horse has bolted","volume":"60","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Hepatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B49","first-page":"1","article-title":"Relevance of new definitions to incidence and prognosis of acute kidney injury in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis: a retrospective population-based cohort study","volume":"11","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLOS"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B50"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.05.004","article-title":"EASL clinical practice guidelines on the management of ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis European","volume":"53","author":"European Association for the Study of the Liver T","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13160","article-title":"The trigger matters\u2014outcome of hepatorenal syndrome vs. specifically triggered acute kidney injury in cirrhotic patients with ascites","volume":"36","year":"2016","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12549","article-title":"Kidney injury in cirrhosis: pathophysiological and therapeutic aspects of hepatorenal syndromes","volume":"34","year":"2014","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.03.005","article-title":"Nonselective \u03b2 blockers increase risk for hepatorenal syndrome and death in patients with cirrhosis and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis","volume":"146","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2011.12.032","article-title":"Hepatorenal syndrome: a severe, but treatable, cause of kidney failure in cirrhosis","volume":"59","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis Off J Natl Kidney Found"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.03.012","article-title":"Diagnosis, treatment and survival of patients with hepatorenal syndrome: a survey on daily medical practice","volume":"55","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12232","article-title":"Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in prediction of mortality in patients with hepatorenal syndrome: a prospective observational study","volume":"34","year":"2014","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-010-9180-8","article-title":"Longitudinal assessment of prognostic factors for patients with hepatorenal syndrome in a tertiary center","volume":"4","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B59","first-page":"810","article-title":"Renal failure and cirrhosis: a systematic review of mortality and prognosis","volume":"56","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2003.50035","article-title":"Assessing renal function in cirrhotic patients: problems and pitfalls","volume":"41","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1097\/00007691-198306000-00002","article-title":"Decreased rate of creatinine production in patients with hepatic disease: implications for estimation of creatinine clearance","volume":"5","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ther Drug Monit"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.22128","article-title":"Inaccuracies of creatinine and creatinine-based equations in candidates for liver transplantation with low creatinine: impact on the model for end-stage liver disease score","volume":"16","year":"2010","journal-title":"Liver Transplant"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.50.1.106","article-title":"Evaluation of serum cystatin C concentration as a marker of renal function in patients with cirrhosis of the liver","volume":"50","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.1999.064","article-title":"Serum cystatin C as an endogenous marker of the renal function\u2014a review","volume":"37","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2007.03443.x","article-title":"Review article\u202f: renal function assessment in cirrhosis\u2014difficulties and alternative measurements","volume":"26","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2008.638","article-title":"Factors other than glomerular filtration rate affect serum cystatin C levels","volume":"75","year":"2009","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B67","first-page":"1","article-title":"The chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration equation combining creatinine and cystatin C accurately assesses renal function in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"16","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26556","article-title":"Performance of chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration creatinine-cystatin C equation for estimating kidney function in cirrhosis","volume":"59","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.05.035","article-title":"Acute kidney injury (AKI) in cirrhosis: should we change current definition and diagnostic criteria of renal failure in cirrhosis?","volume":"59","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840080532","article-title":"Peripheral arterial vasodilation hypothesis: A proposal for the initiation of renal sodium and water retention in cirrhosis","volume":"8","year":"1988","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1007294","article-title":"Peripheral arterial vasodilation: determinant of functional spectrum of cirrhosis","volume":"14","year":"1994","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i11.1707","article-title":"Current concepts on the role of nitric oxide in portal hypertension","volume":"19","year":"2013","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.03.007","article-title":"Functional aspects on the pathophysiology of portal hypertension in cirrhosis","volume":"57","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00563.2009","article-title":"iNOS expression in vascular resident macrophages contributes to circulatory dysfunction of splanchnic vascular smooth muscle contractions in portal hypertensive rats","volume":"300","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Hear Circ Physiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1155\/2001\/603012","article-title":"Splanchnic and systemic hemodynamic derangement in decompensated cirrhosis","volume":"15","year":"2001","journal-title":"Can J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.235473","article-title":"Determinants of the hyperdynamic circulation and central hypovolaemia in cirrhosis","volume":"60","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(70)80073-0","article-title":"Renal failure in the patient with cirrhosis: the role of active vasoconstriction","volume":"49","year":"1970","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1872","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21920","article-title":"Model for end-stage liver disease score and systemic inflammatory response are major prognostic factors in patients with cirrhosis and acute functional renal failure","volume":"46","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.07.004","article-title":"Mechanisms of decompensation and organ failure in cirrhosis: from peripheral arterial vasodilation to systemic inflammation hypothesis","volume":"63","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2015.01.007","article-title":"Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury: macrohemodynamic and microhemodynamic alterations in the renal circulation","volume":"35","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin Nephrol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"\u00a0398","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12047","article-title":"Increased renal expression and urinary excretion of TLR4 in acute kidney injury associated with cirrhosis","volume":"33","year":"2013","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.11.024","article-title":"Prevention of acute kidney injury in a rodent model of cirrhosis following selective gut decontamination is associated with reduced renal TLR4 expression","volume":"56","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9927","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i34.9927","article-title":"Development of a rat model of D-galactosamine\/lipopolysaccharide induced hepatorenal syndrome","volume":"21","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2010.60","article-title":"Intraperitoneal LPS amplifies portal hypertension in rat liver fibrosis","volume":"90","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.12.011","article-title":"Non-selective betablocker therapy decreases intestinal permeability and serum levels of LBP and IL-6 in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"58","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2022","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23264","article-title":"Severe sepsis in cirrhosis","volume":"50","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.02.001","article-title":"Editorial Type-1 hepatorenal syndrome in patients with cirrhosis and infection vs. sepsis-induced acute kidney injury: what matters\u202f?","volume":"60","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.12.032","article-title":"Terlipressin and albumin for type-1 hepatorenal syndrome associated with sepsis","volume":"60","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2016.07.016","article-title":"Terlipressin improves renal function and reverses hepatorenal syndrome in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome","volume":"15","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B90","first-page":"1","article-title":"Transjugular renal biopsy in the treatment of patients with cirrhosis and renal abnormalities","volume":"24","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2009.02182.x","article-title":"The spectrum of renal lesions in patients with cirrhosis: a clinicopathological study","volume":"30","year":"2010","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/108139","article-title":"Prognosis of acute kidney injury and hepatorenal syndrome in patients with cirrhosis: a prospective cohort study","volume":"2015","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Nephrol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B93","first-page":"253","article-title":"Diagnosing and treating renal disease in cirrhotic patients","volume":"62","year":"2016","journal-title":"Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2016.09.013","article-title":"Beta blockers and cirrhosis, 2016","volume":"49","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2305","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25931","article-title":"Antimicrobial therapeutic determinants of outcomes from septic shock among patients with cirrhosis","volume":"56","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.01.024","article-title":"Bacterial infections in cirrhosis: a position statement based on the EASL Special Conference 2013","volume":"60","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.08.007","article-title":"Role of human albumin in the management of complications of liver cirrhosis","volume":"4","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Hepatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1093\/gastro\/gov032","article-title":"The efficacy and safety profile of albumin administration for patients with cirrhosis at high risk of hepatorenal syndrome is dose dependent","volume":"3","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf)"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B99","first-page":"1","article-title":"Albumin treatment regimen for type 1 hepatorenal syndrome: a dose\u2013response meta-analysis","volume":"15","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24786","article-title":"Albumin infusion in patients undergoing large-volume paracentesis: a meta-analysis of randomized trials","volume":"55","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(88)90691-9","article-title":"Randomized comparative study of therapeutic paracentesis with and without intravenous albumin in cirrhosis","volume":"94","year":"1988","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(97)80428-X","article-title":"Time profile of the haemodynamic effects of terlipressin in portal hypertension","volume":"26","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23893","article-title":"Hyponatremia in patients treated with terlipressin for severe gastrointestinal bleeding due to portal hypertension","volume":"52","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28396","article-title":"Terlipressin given by continuous intravenous infusion versus intravenous boluses in the treatment of hepatorenal syndrome: a randomized controlled study","volume":"63","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.02.026","article-title":"Terlipressin plus albumin is more effective than albumin alone in improving renal function in patients with cirrhosis and hepatorenal syndrome type 1","volume":"150","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B106","first-page":"1","article-title":"A randomized trial comparing terlipressin and noradrenaline in patients with cirrhosis and septic shock","year":"2016"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000000537","article-title":"Terlipressin versus noradrenaline in the treatment of hepatorenal syndrome\u202f: systematic review with meta-analysis and full economic evaluation","volume":"28","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.024","article-title":"Terlipressin and albumin vs albumin in patients with cirrhosis and hepatorenal syndrome: a randomized study","volume":"134","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200212000-00013","article-title":"Renal failure in cirrhotic patients: role of terlipressin in clinical approach to hepatorenal syndrome type 2","volume":"14","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.12.001","article-title":"Reply to: \u2018A cut-off serum creatinine value of 1.5\u2009mg\/dl for AKI\u2014to be or not to be\u2019","volume":"62","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.24210","article-title":"Treatment of type 2 hepatorenal syndrome in patients awaiting transplantation: effects on kidney function and transplantation outcomes","volume":"21","year":"2015","journal-title":"Liver Transplant"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510280219","article-title":"Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in hepatorenal syndrome: effects on renal function and vasoactive systems","volume":"28","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.47.2.288","article-title":"Long term outcome after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent-shunt in non-transplant cirrhotics with hepatorenal syndrome: a phase II study","volume":"47","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20262","article-title":"Midodrine, octreotide, albumin, and TIPS in selected patients with cirrhosis and type 1 hepatorenal syndrome","volume":"40","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.06.020","article-title":"Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for refractory ascites: a meta-analysis of individual patient data","volume":"133","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B116","first-page":"157","article-title":"Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts with covered stents increase transplant-free survival of patients with cirrhosis and recurrent ascites","volume":"152","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2009.193227","article-title":"TIPS for the treatment of refractory ascites, hepatorenal syndrome and hepatic hydrothorax: a critical update","volume":"59","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.08.025","article-title":"Serum bilirubin and platelet count: a simple predictive model for survival in patients with refractory ascites treated by TIPS","volume":"54","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e3182a115e9","article-title":"Prophylactic use of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt aids in the treatment of refractory ascites","volume":"48","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2704","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i10.2704","article-title":"TIPS improves liver transplantation-free survival in cirrhotic patients with refractory ascites: an updated meta-analysis","volume":"20","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e31820e014e","article-title":"MELD score less than 15 predicts prolonged survival after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for refractory ascites after liver transplantation","volume":"91","year":"2011","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26185","article-title":"Extracorporeal albumin dialysis with the molecular adsorbent recirculating system in acute-on-chronic liver failure: the RELIEF trial","volume":"57","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.12.056","article-title":"Effects of fractionated plasma separation and adsorption on survival in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure","volume":"142","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.05.004","article-title":"EASL clinical practice guidelines on the management of ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis","volume":"53","author":"European Association for the Study of the Liver","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2008.01.020","article-title":"Neutrophil gelatinase\u2013associated lipocalin (NGAL) as a marker of kidney damage","volume":"52","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.03.015","article-title":"Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as biomarker in the differential diagnosis of impairment of kidney function in cirrhosis","volume":"57","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.02.023","article-title":"Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin predicts kidney outcome and death in patients with cirrhosis and bacterial infections","volume":"61","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B128","first-page":"1\u201314","article-title":"Analysis of a urinary biomarker panel for clinical outcomes assessment in cirrhosis","volume":"10","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B129","first-page":"622","article-title":"Kidney biomarkers and differential diagnosis of patients with cirrhosis and acute kidney injury","volume":"60","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B130","first-page":"1","article-title":"Kidney biomarkers and differential diagnosis of patients with cirrhosis and acute kidney injury","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B131","article-title":"Urine interleukin 18 and lipocalin 2 are biomarkers of acute tubular necrosis in patients with cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22853","article-title":"Management of adult patients with ascites due to cirrhosis: an update","volume":"49","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508102638_gox009-B133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R204","DOI":"10.1186\/cc2872","article-title":"Acute renal failure\u2014definition, outcome measures, animal models, fluid therapy and information technology needs: the Second International Consensus Conference of the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI) Group","volume":"8","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit Care"}],"container-title":["Gastroenterology Report"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/gastro\/article-pdf\/5\/2\/127\/16720563\/gox009.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T15:57:37Z","timestamp":1750175857000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/gastro\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1093\/gastro\/gox009"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,24]]},"references-count":133,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gastro\/gox009","relation":{},"ISSN":["2052-0034"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2052-0034","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,24]]}}}