{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T21:05:07Z","timestamp":1789247107211,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,12]],"date-time":"2020-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597190400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17H06428"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17H06428"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20ek0109464h0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20ek0109464h0001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007786","name":"National Center for Child Health and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019A-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019A-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007786","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007449","name":"Takeda Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007449","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Mammalian male meiosis requires homologous recombination between the X and Y chromosomes. In humans, such recombination occurs exclusively in the short arm pseudoautosomal region (PAR1) of 2.699\u2009Mb in size. Although it is known that complete deletion of PAR1 causes spermatogenic arrest, no studies have addressed to what extent male meiosis tolerates PAR1 size reduction. Here, we report two families in which PAR1 partial deletions were transmitted from fathers to their offspring. Cytogenetic analyses revealed that a \u223c400-kb segment at the centromeric end of PAR1, which accounts for only 14.8% of normal PAR1 and 0.26% and 0.68% of the X and Y chromosomes, respectively, is sufficient to mediate sex chromosomal recombination during spermatogenesis. These results highlight the extreme recombinogenic activity of human PAR1. Our data, in conjunction with previous findings from animal studies, indicate that the minimal size requirement of mammalian PARs to maintain male fertility is fairly small.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/gbe\/evaa168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,10]],"date-time":"2020-08-10T11:09:08Z","timestamp":1597057748000},"page":"1961-1964","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Human Spermatogenesis Tolerates Massive Size Reduction of the Pseudoautosomal Region"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9971-4035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maki","family":"Fukami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuko","family":"Fujisawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Ono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoko","family":"Jinno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsutomu","family":"Ogata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 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