{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T05:03:39Z","timestamp":1768626219683,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]],"date-time":"2021-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638403200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Leishmania donovani species complex is the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis, which cause 20\u201340,000 fatalities a year. Here, we conduct a screen for balancing selection in this species complex. We used 384 publicly available L. donovani and L. infantum genomes, and sequence 93 isolates of L. infantum from Brazil to describe the global diversity of this species complex. We identify five genetically distinct populations that are sufficiently represented by genomic data to search for signatures of selection. We find that signals of balancing selection are generally not shared between populations, consistent with transient adaptive events, rather than long-term balancing selection. We then apply multiple diversity metrics to identify candidate genes with robust signatures of balancing selection, identifying a curated set of 24 genes with robust signatures. These include zeta toxin, nodulin-like, and flagellum attachment proteins. This study highlights the extent of genetic divergence between L. donovani complex parasites and provides genes for further study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/gbe\/evab265","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]],"date-time":"2021-11-26T20:10:16Z","timestamp":1637957416000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Candidates for Balancing Selection in<i>Leishmania donovani<\/i>Complex Parasites"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0931-3164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cooper Alastair","family":"Grace","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Forrester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vladimir Costa","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Doen\u00e7as do Sert\u00e3o, Instituto de Doen\u00e7as Tropicais Natan Portella, Centro de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade da Universidade Federal do Piau\u00ed, Teresina-PI, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K\u00e1tia Silene Sousa","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Doen\u00e7as do Sert\u00e3o, Instituto de Doen\u00e7as Tropicais Natan Portella, Centro de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade da Universidade Federal do Piau\u00ed, Teresina-PI, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0014-2108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah","family":"Kilford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3799-5876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yen Peng","family":"Chew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sally","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dorcas L","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Doen\u00e7as do Sert\u00e3o, Instituto de Doen\u00e7as Tropicais Natan Portella, Centro de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade da Universidade Federal do Piau\u00ed, Teresina-PI, 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