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At the same time, ecological interactions can generate close associations among species, which can in turn generate a high degree of overlap in their spatial distributions. Caenorhabditis elegans is a hermaphroditic nematode that has enabled extensive advances in developmental genetics. Caenorhabditis inopinata, the sister species of C. elegans, is a gonochoristic nematode that thrives in figs and obligately disperses on fig wasps. Here, we describe patterns of genomic diversity in C. inopinata. We performed RAD-seq on individual worms isolated from the field across three Okinawan island populations. C. inopinata is about five times more diverse than C. elegans. Additionally, C. inopinata harbors greater differences in diversity among functional genomic regions (such as between genic and intergenic sequences) than C. elegans. Conversely, C. elegans harbors greater differences in diversity between high-recombining chromosome arms and low-recombining chromosome centers than C. inopinata. FST is low among island population pairs, and clear population structure could not be easily detected among islands, suggesting frequent migration of wasps between islands. These patterns of population differentiation appear comparable with those previously reported in its fig wasp vector. These results confirm many theoretical population genetic predictions regarding the evolution of reproductive mode and suggest C. inopinata population dynamics may be driven by wasp dispersal. This work sets the stage for future evolutionary genomic studies aimed at understanding the evolution of sex as well as the evolution of ecological interactions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/gbe\/evae020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]],"date-time":"2024-02-02T01:11:52Z","timestamp":1706836312000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Patterns of Genomic Diversity in a Fig-Associated Close Relative of <i>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Gavin C","family":"Woodruff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon , Eugene, OR 97403 , USA"},{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma Present address: , Norman, OK 73019 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John H","family":"Willis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon , Eugene, OR 97403 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick C","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon , Eugene, OR 97403 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"48","key":"2024022223041502200_evae020-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20342","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0902213106","article-title":"Wind-borne insects mediate directional pollen transfer between desert fig trees 160 kilometers apart","volume":"106","author":"Ahmed","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024022223041502200_evae020-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.115.183665","article-title":"RAD capture (Rapture): flexible and efficient sequence-based 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