{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T23:02:33Z","timestamp":1791414153096,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]],"date-time":"2024-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"US National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["DEB-2110875"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEB-2110875"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The genus Asparagus arose \u223c9 to 15 million years ago (Ma), and transitions from hermaphroditism to dioecy (separate sexes) occurred \u223c3 to 4 Ma. Roughly 27% of extant Asparagus species are dioecious, while the remaining are bisexual with monoclinous flowers. As such, Asparagus is an ideal model taxon for studying the early stages of dioecy and sex chromosome evolution in plants. Until now, however, understanding of diversification and shifts from hermaphroditism to dioecy in Asparagus has been hampered by the lack of robust species tree estimates for the genus. In this study, a genus-wide phylogenomic analysis including 1,726 nuclear loci and comprehensive species sampling supports two independent origins of dioecy in Asparagus\u2014first in a widely distributed Eurasian clade and then in a clade restricted to the Mediterranean Basin. Modeling of ancestral biogeography indicates that both dioecy origins were associated with range expansion out of southern Africa. Our findings also reveal several bursts of diversification across the phylogeny, including an initial radiation in southern Africa that gave rise to 12 major clades in the genus, and more recent radiations that have resulted in paraphyly and polyphyly among closely related species, as expected given active speciation processes. Lastly, we report that the geographic origin of domesticated garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) was likely in western Asia near the Mediterranean Sea. The presented phylogenomic framework for Asparagus is foundational for ongoing genomic investigations of diversification and functional trait evolution in the genus and contributes to its utility for understanding the origin and early evolution of dioecy and sex chromosomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/gbe\/evae200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]],"date-time":"2024-09-18T20:10:49Z","timestamp":1726690249000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Bursts of Rapid Diversification, Dispersals Out of Southern Africa, and Two Origins of Dioecy Punctuate the Evolution of <i>Asparagus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2232-7488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip C","family":"Bentz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology , Huntsville, Alabama 35806 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30605 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4913-8521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John E","family":"Burrows","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Buffelskloof Herbarium , Buffelskloof Nature Reserve, Lydenburg 1120 ,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra M","family":"Burrows","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Buffelskloof Herbarium , Buffelskloof Nature Reserve, Lydenburg 1120 ,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3126-9593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eshchar","family":"Mizrachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria , Pretoria 0028 ,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2847-2109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhengjie","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University , Kunming 650201 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8917-1759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junbo","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8632-5508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zichao","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University , Kunming 650201 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3145-5445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margot","family":"Popecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30605 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9675-4090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ole","family":"Seberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen , K-1307 Copenhagen K, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2325-0059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gitte","family":"Petersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University , Stockholm, SE-106 91 ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4811-2231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jim","family":"Leebens-Mack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30605 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.20.00265","article-title":"Y keep your X? Insights into the genetic basis of plant sex chromosome evolution","volume":"32","author":"Andreuzza","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B2","first-page":"256","volume-title":"Flora capensis","author":"Baker","year":"1896"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.2307\/2405656","article-title":"Self-compatibility and establishment after \u2018long-distance\u2019 dispersal","volume":"9","author":"Baker","year":"1955","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1089\/cmb.2012.0021","article-title":"SPAdes: a new genome assembly algorithm and its applications to single-cell sequencing","volume":"19","author":"Bankevich","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Comput Biol"},{"key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B5","volume-title":"Evolution of dioecy and sex chromosomes in the genus Asparagus","author":"Bentz","year":"2024"},{"key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e11597","DOI":"10.1002\/aps3.11597","article-title":"Developing Asparagaceae1726: an Asparagaceae-specific probe set targeting 1726 loci for Hyb-Seq and phylogenomics in the family","volume":"12","author":"Bentz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl Plant Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e16276","DOI":"10.1002\/ajb2.16276","article-title":"Young evolutionary origins of dioecy in the genus Asparagus","volume":"111","author":"Bentz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Bot"},{"key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B8","first-page":"3","volume-title":"International Working Group on Taxonomic Databases for Plant Sciences (TDWG)","author":"Brummitt","year":"2001","edition":"2nd ed"},{"key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B9","first-page":"149","volume-title":"Model selection and multimodel inference: a practical information-theoretic approach","author":"Burnham","year":"2002"},{"issue":"15","key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1972","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp348","article-title":"Trimal: a tool for automated alignment trimming in large-scale phylogenetic analyses","volume":"25","author":"Capella-Guti\u00e9rrez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.3390\/genes12030381","article-title":"The diversity of plant sex chromosomes highlighted through advances in genome sequencing","volume":"12","author":"Carey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Genes (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.2307\/2406147","article-title":"The biota of long-distance dispersal. II. Loss of dispersibility in Pacific Compositae","volume":"20","author":"Carlquist","year":"1966","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-03908-3_2","volume-title":"Gender and sexual dimorphism in flowering plants","author":"Charlesworth","year":"1999"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.16002","article-title":"Young sex chromosomes in plants and animals","volume":"224","author":"Charlesworth","year":"2019","journal-title":"New Phytol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1093\/plcell\/koad278","article-title":"Why should we study plant sex chromosomes?","volume":"36","author":"Charlesworth","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8339.2009.00999.x","article-title":"A subfamilial classification for the expanded asparagalean families Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae and Xanthorrhoeaceae","volume":"161","author":"Chase","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bot J Linn Soc"},{"issue":"17","key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i884","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty560","article-title":"Fastp: an ultra-fast all-in-one FASTQ preprocessor","volume":"34","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B18","first-page":"155","volume-title":"Chorology, taxonomy and ecology of the floras of Africa and Madagascar","author":"Cronk","year":"1998"},{"issue":"1420","key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2002.1059","article-title":"Host races in plant\u2013feeding insects and their importance in sympatric speciation","volume":"357","author":"Dr\u00e8s","year":"2002","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1111\/jbi.12898","article-title":"Bayesian estimation of the global biogeographical history of the Solanaceae","volume":"44","author":"Dupin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Biogeogr"},{"key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2015.10.027","article-title":"Implementing and testing the multispecies coalescent model: a valuable paradigm for phylogenomics","volume":"94","author":"Edwards","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Phyl Evo"},{"key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B22","first-page":"521","volume-title":"Breeding vegetables crops","author":"Ellison","year":"1986"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01904204","article-title":"Sex characteristics and inheritance of sex in asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.)","volume":"19","author":"Franken","year":"1970","journal-title":"Euphytica"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-1984.2005.00131.x","article-title":"Molecular phylogeny of the genus Asparagus (Asparagaceae) inferred from plastid petB intron and petD\u2013rpoA intergenic spacer sequences","volume":"20","author":"Fukuda","year":"2005","journal-title":"Plant Species Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00227578","article-title":"Different kinds of male flowers in the dioecious plant Asparagus officinalis L","volume":"6","author":"Galli","year":"1993","journal-title":"Sex Plant Reprod"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00039655","article-title":"Assessment of genetic variation among asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) populations and cultivars: agromorphological and isozymic data","volume":"61","author":"Geoffriau","year":"1991","journal-title":"Euphytica"},{"key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e7755","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.7755","article-title":"Adapterama I: universal stubs and primers for 384 unique dual-indexed or 147,456 combinatorially-indexed Illumina libraries (iTru & iNext)","volume":"7","author":"Glenn","year":"2019","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1111\/evo.12355","article-title":"Niche and range size patterns suggest that speciation begins in small, ecologically diverged populations in North American monkeyflowers (Mimulus spp.)","volume":"68","author":"Grossenbacher","year":"2014","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.19.00859","article-title":"Sex determination by two Y-linked genes in garden asparagus","volume":"32","author":"Harkess","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2679","DOI":"10.1534\/g3.116.030239","article-title":"Retrotransposon proliferation coincident with the evolution of dioecy in Asparagus","volume":"6","author":"Harkess","year":"2016","journal-title":"G3 (Bethesda)"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.13389","article-title":"Sex-biased gene expression in dioecious garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis)","volume":"207","author":"Harkess","year":"2015","journal-title":"New Phytol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01064-8","article-title":"The asparagus genome sheds light on the origin and evolution of a young Y chromosome","volume":"8","author":"Harkess","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.2307\/2419808","article-title":"Taxonomic study of the Mexican genus Hemiphylacus (Hyacinthaceae)","volume":"20","author":"Hernandez","year":"1995","journal-title":"Syst Bot"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.4102\/abc.v9i1.1576","article-title":"The genus Asparagus in Southern Africa","volume":"9","author":"Jessop","year":"1966","journal-title":"Bothalia"},{"issue":"7","key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1600016","DOI":"10.3732\/apps.1600016","article-title":"HybPiper: extracting coding sequence and introns for phylogenetics from high-throughput sequencing reads using target enrichment","volume":"4","author":"Johnson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl Plant Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.4285","article-title":"ModelFinder: fast model selection for accurate phylogenetic estimates","volume":"14","author":"Kalyaanamoorthy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-20450-0_3","volume-title":"Wild crop relatives: genomic and breeding resources","author":"Kanno","year":"2011"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mst010","article-title":"MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability","volume":"30","author":"Katoh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8339.2001.tb01113.x","article-title":"Taxonomy of the western European endemic Asparagus prostratus (A. officinalis subsp. prostratus). (Asparagaceae)","volume":"137","author":"Kay","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bot J Linn Soc"},{"issue":"21","key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4453","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btz305","article-title":"RAxML-NG: a fast, scalable and user-friendly tool for maximum likelihood phylogenetic inference","volume":"35","author":"Kozlov","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1080\/10635150601146041","article-title":"Inconsistency of phylogenetic estimates from concatenated data under coalescence","volume":"56","author":"Kubatko","year":"2007","journal-title":"Syst Biol"},{"key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/s00122-011-1709-2","article-title":"Molecular phylogeny of the genus Asparagus (Asparagaceae) explains interspecific crossability between the garden asparagus (A. officinalis) and other Asparagus species","volume":"124","author":"Kubota","year":"2012","journal-title":"Theor Appl Genet"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/syt040","article-title":"Bayesian analysis of biogeography when the number of areas is large","volume":"62","author":"Landis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Syst Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1270\/jsbbs1951.47.375","article-title":"Phylogenetic relationships in the genus Asparagus based on the restriction enzyme analysis of the chloroplast DNA","volume":"47","author":"Lee","year":"1997","journal-title":"Jpn J Breed"},{"key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B45","author":"Li","year":"2013"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/46.3.523","article-title":"Gene trees in species trees","volume":"46","author":"Maddison","year":"1997","journal-title":"Syst Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.2307\/4115749","article-title":"The status of Protasparagus and Myrsiphyllum in the Asparagaceae","volume":"48","author":"Malcomber","year":"1993","journal-title":"Kew Bull"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/syu056","article-title":"Model selection in historical biogeography reveals that founder-event speciation is a crucial process in island clades","volume":"63","author":"Matzke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Syst Biol"},{"key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B49","author":"Matzke","year":"2016"},{"key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B50","first-page":"157","volume-title":"Change of genetic environment and evolution in evolution as a process","author":"Mayr","year":"1954"},{"key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B51","first-page":"427","volume-title":"Advances in plant breeding strategies: vegetable crops","author":"Moreno-Pinel","year":"2021"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1111\/gtc.12453","article-title":"MYB transcription factor gene involved in sex determination in Asparagus officinalis","volume":"22","author":"Murase","year":"2017","journal-title":"Genes Cells"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msu300","article-title":"IQ-TREE: a fast and effective stochastic algorithm for estimating maximum-likelihood phylogenies","volume":"32","author":"Nguyen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2015.06.002","article-title":"Evolution of Asparagus L. (Asparagaceae): out-of-South-Africa and multiple origins of sexual dimorphism","volume":"92","author":"Norup","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Phylogenet Evol"},{"key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B55","first-page":"11","volume-title":"Flora of Southern Africa","author":"Obermeyer","year":"1992"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040517","article-title":"Relationships between gene trees and species trees","volume":"5","author":"Pamilo","year":"1988","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.13539","article-title":"The scope of Baker's law","volume":"208","author":"Pannell","year":"2015","journal-title":"New Phytol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1002\/ajb2.1016","article-title":"Quartet Sampling distinguishes lack of support from conflicting support in the green plant tree of life","volume":"105","author":"Pease","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Bot"},{"key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B59","author":"POWO"},{"key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B60","first-page":"137","volume-title":"Biological diversification in the tropics","author":"Prance","year":"1982"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/164.4.1645","article-title":"Bayes estimation of species divergence times and ancestral population sizes using DNA sequences from multiple loci","volume":"164","author":"Rannala","year":"2003","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1080\/10635150701883881","article-title":"Maximum likelihood inference of geographic range evolution by dispersal, local extinction, and cladogenesis","volume":"57","author":"Ree","year":"2008","journal-title":"Syst Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.2307\/1223457","article-title":"Are many plant species paraphyletic?","volume":"43","author":"Rieseberg","year":"1994","journal-title":"Taxon"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/46.1.195","article-title":"Dispersal-vicariance analysis: a new approach to the quantification of historical biogeography","volume":"46","author":"Ronquist","year":"1997","journal-title":"Syst Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2010.05.028","article-title":"Evaluation of genetic diversity among some Iranian wild asparagus populations using morphological characteristics and RAPD markers","volume":"126","author":"Sarabi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sci Hortic"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-9452(02)00039-0","article-title":"Genetic variability of economically important Asparagus species as revealed by genome size analysis and rDNA ITS polymorphisms","volume":"162","author":"\u0160tajner","year":"2002","journal-title":"Plant Sci"},{"issue":"141","key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B67","first-page":"41","article-title":"Aspects related to utilisation of wild Asparagus species in Italy","volume":"15","author":"Venezia","year":"1993","journal-title":"Agric Ric"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"apps.1400042","DOI":"10.3732\/apps.1400042","article-title":"Hyb-Seq: combining target enrichment and genome skimming for plant phylogenomics","volume":"2","author":"Weitemier","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl Plant Sci"},{"key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B69","volume-title":"Asparagus (Asparagaceae) nrDNA ITS phylogeny of South Africa","author":"Wiegand","year":"2006"},{"issue":"12","key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"msac215","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msac215","article-title":"Weighting by gene tree uncertainty improves accuracy of quartet-based species trees","volume":"39","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"issue":"Suppl 6","key":"2024101813111753500_evae200-B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-018-2129-y","article-title":"ASTRAL-III: polynomial time species tree reconstruction from partially resolved gene trees","volume":"19","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"}],"container-title":["Genome Biology and Evolution"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/gbe\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/gbe\/evae200\/59184127\/evae200.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/gbe\/article-pdf\/16\/10\/evae200\/59873227\/evae200.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/gbe\/article-pdf\/16\/10\/evae200\/59873227\/evae200.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]],"date-time":"2024-10-18T13:13:36Z","timestamp":1729257216000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/gbe\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/gbe\/evae200\/7760345"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Sloan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gbe\/evae200","relation":{},"ISSN":["1759-6653"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1759-6653","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]]},"article-number":"evae200"}}