{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T14:55:52Z","timestamp":1790952952666,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,14]],"date-time":"2024-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Self-incompatibility (SI) is a genetic mechanism to prevent self-fertilization and thereby promote outcrossing in hermaphroditic plant species through discrimination of self and nonself-pollen by pistils. In many SI systems, recognition between pollen and pistils is controlled by a single multiallelic locus (called the S-locus), in which multiple alleles (called S-alleles) are segregating. Because of the extreme level of polymorphism of the S-locus, identification of S-alleles has been a major issue in many SI studies for decades. Here, we report an RNA-seq\u2013based method to explore allelic diversity of the S-locus by employing the long-read sequencing technology of the Oxford Nanopore MinION and applied it for the gametophytic SI system of Petunia (Solanaceae), in which the female determinant is a secreted ribonuclease called S-RNase that inhibits the elongation of self-pollen tubes by degrading RNA. We developed a method to identify S-alleles by the search of S-RNase sequences, using the previously reported sequences as queries, and found in total 62 types of S-RNase including 45 novel types. We validated this method through Sanger sequencing and crossing experiments, confirming the sequencing accuracy and SI phenotypes corresponding to genotypes. Then, using the obtained sequence data together with polymerase chain reaction\u2013based genotyping in a larger sample set of 187 plants, we investigated the diversity, frequency, and the level of shared polymorphism of S-alleles across populations and species. The method and the dataset obtained in Petunia will be an important basis for further studying the evolution of S-RNase\u2013based gametophytic SI systems in natural populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/gbe\/evae270","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T15:28:59Z","timestamp":1734017339000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Exploring the Allelic Diversity of the Self-Incompatibility Gene Across Natural Populations in\n                    <i>Petunia<\/i>\n                    (Solanaceae)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Taiga","family":"Maenosono","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo , Bunkyo-ku 113-0033, Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Graduate School of Science and Technology, Chiba University , Chiba 263-8522 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuho","family":"Isono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo , Bunkyo-ku 113-0033, Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1328-1791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takanori","family":"Kuronuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Environment, Health and Field Sciences, Chiba University , Kashiwa 277-0882 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miho","family":"Hatai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo , Bunkyo-ku 113-0033, Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaori","family":"Chimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo , Bunkyo-ku 113-0033, Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken-ichi","family":"Kubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Frontier Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology , Nagahama ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisashi","family":"Kokubun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University , Matsudo 271-8510 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juli\u00e1n Alejandro","family":"Greppi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Floricultura, CNIA, INTA , Buenos Aires ,","place":["Argentina"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Environment, Health and Field Sciences, Chiba University , Kashiwa 277-0882 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Uehara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Chiba University , Chiba 263-8522 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1241-9338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takashi","family":"Tsuchimatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo , Bunkyo-ku 113-0033, Tokyo 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