{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T11:51:29Z","timestamp":1753876289886,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003407","name":"Italian Ministry for Education, University and Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017KLZ3MA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017KLZ3MA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Transposable elements (TEs) expansion and accumulation represent one of the main drivers of genomic gigantism. Different host genome silencing mechanisms have evolved to counteract TE amplification, leading to a genomic arms race between them. Nevertheless, the evolutionary relationship between TEs and host genome silencing pathways remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate the activity of TEs and TE-silencing mechanisms in somatic and germline tissues of Bombina pachypus, a 10\u2005Gb anuran genome. Our findings reveal a higher activity of TEs in the gonads compared to the brain, with retrotransposons as the most active class in both gonads (\u223c15% increased expression compared to the brain) and DNA transposons showing a 2-fold higher activity in ovaries. However, analysis of differentially expressed TEs between male and female gonads revealed a greater number of overexpressed TEs in testes (231 vs. 169), with maximum fold changes up to 22 in testes versus 8 in ovaries. This suggests a more permissive environment for TE expression in male gonads. Accordingly, increased activity of TE-silencing pathways was observed in ovaries compared to testes, with the KRAB-ZFP complex showing not only the highest overall expression levels but also a distinct ovary-specific expression pattern. Summarizing, while the higher TE activity in the male gonad may result from the lower efficiency of the KRAB-ZFP complex, the elevated activity of KRAB-ZFPs in ovaries, along with growing evidence of the functional role of TEs in the germline, suggests the existence of a broad range of host\u2013TE dynamics going beyond the arms race model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/gbe\/evaf062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T05:56:46Z","timestamp":1744351006000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evolutionary Dynamics of Transposable Element Activity and Regulation in the Apennine Yellow-Bellied Toad (<i>Bombina pachypus<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7174-3918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorena","family":"Ancona","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche , Ancona 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