{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T10:23:06Z","timestamp":1787307786621,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":137,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Seed Fund for Basic Research"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008982","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IOS 2037739"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IOS 2037739"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008982","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"College of Engineering and Natural Sciences at the University of Tulsa"},{"name":"Tulsa Undergraduate Research Challenge"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020414","name":"NSF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IOS 2037741"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IOS 2037741"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020414","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020414","name":"NSF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IOS-2037735"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IOS-2037735"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020414","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020414","name":"NSF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IOS-2224556"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IOS-2224556"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020414","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sexual dichromatism, characterized by sex-specific differences in coloration, is widespread among birds and often involves carotenoid-based pigmentation. Despite extensive research on the social and ecological environments favoring sexual dichromatism, the molecular mechanisms underlying its development and evolution remain largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated the genetic and molecular processes giving rise to sexual dichromatism in the red ketocarotenoid-based plumage of northern cardinals (Cardinalis cardinalis). We quantified carotenoid concentrations in plasma and feather follicles, confirmed that homologs of CYP2J19, BDH1L, and TTC39B catalyze the production of C-4 ketocarotenoids, and performed gene expression analyses across tissues. Males showed significantly higher plasma and feather ketocarotenoid concentrations, upregulated CYP2J19 and TTC39B expression in liver and feather tissues, and upregulated carotenoid transport gene expression in the gut and feather follicles. Females exhibited a dramatic upregulation of BCO2 in their feather follicles, facilitating carotenoid degradation and attenuating red pigmentation. Additionally, sex-biased expression of hormonal regulators, such as HSD17B4 and ZNF131, in the feather follicle suggests hormonal modulation influences dichromatism. These findings indicate that sex-specific regulation of carotenoid processing genes underpins the vivid red coloration in males and the drab phenotype in females, likely maintained by a balance between natural and sexual selection, with mechanisms of sexual antagonism affecting divergent gene expression. This work advances understanding of the molecular basis of avian sexual dimorphism, highlighting key genetic pathways involved in carotenoid-based coloration and providing a foundation for further research into the evolution of sexually dichromatic traits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/gbe\/evag201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T11:14:29Z","timestamp":1786101269000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Not All Roads Lead to Red: The Genetics of Sexual Dichromatism in the Northern Cardinal (\n                    <i>Cardinals cardinalis<\/i>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9707-7124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miranda J","family":"Wade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8264-7564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara M","family":"Patton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University , Auburn, AL 36849 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6436-7593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth C","family":"Scheer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Science, University of Tulsa , Tulsa, OK 74104 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9068-6231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca E","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin\u2014Stevens Point , Stevens Point, WI 54481 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7850-559X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yufeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health Sciences, University of Memphis , Memphis, TN 38152 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9184-197X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew B","family":"Toomey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Science, University of Tulsa , Tulsa, OK 74104 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI 48824 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8864-6495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geoffrey E","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University , Auburn, AL 36849 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2484-2897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon Yung Wa","family":"Sin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3110437","article-title":"Molecular cloning of a novel widely expressed human 80\u2005kDa 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase IV","volume":"311","author":"Adamski","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2937-x","article-title":"MFSD12 mediates the import of cysteine into melanosomes and lysosomes","volume":"588","author":"Adelmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20201805","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2020.1805","article-title":"Extensive hybridization reveals multiple coloration genes underlying a complex plumage phenotype","volume":"288","author":"Aguillon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc Biol Sci."},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-020-6473-8","article-title":"Comparative transcriptomics reveals candidate carotenoid color genes in an East African cichlid fish","volume":"21","author":"Ahi","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/iyad031","article-title":"The gene ontology knowledgebase in 2023.","volume":"224","author":"Aleksander","year":"2023","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2200037","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.202200037","article-title":"Relocation to avoid costs: a hypothesis on red carotenoid-based signals based on recent CYP2J19 gene expression data","volume":"44","author":"Alonso-Alvarez","year":"2022","journal-title":"BioEssays"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.10-173906","article-title":"A mitochondrial enzyme degrades carotenoids and protects against oxidative stress","volume":"25","author":"Amengual","year":"2011","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34081","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.501049","article-title":"Two carotenoid oxygenases contribute to mammalian provitamin A metabolism","volume":"288","author":"Amengual","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.genom.9.081307.164220","article-title":"A bird's-eye view of sex chromosome dosage compensation","volume":"9","author":"Arnold","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1038\/75556","article-title":"Gene ontology: tool for the unification of biology","volume":"25","author":"Ashburner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8312.2000.tb01196.x","article-title":"Evolution of sexual dichromatism: contribution of carotenoid- versus melanin-based coloration","volume":"69","author":"Badyaev","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biol J Linn Soc Lond."},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16329","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M001994200","article-title":"Inactivation of the peroxisomal multifunctional protein-2 in mice impedes the degradation of not only 2-methyl-branched fatty acids and bile acid intermediates but also of very long chain fatty acids","volume":"275","author":"Baes","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.10.094","article-title":"Pigmentation genes show evidence of repeated divergence and multiple bouts of introgression in setophaga warblers","volume":"31","author":"Baiz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Biol."},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s13100-015-0041-9","article-title":"Repbase update, a database of repetitive elements in eukaryotic genomes","volume":"6","author":"Bao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mob DNA."},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12743","article-title":"A curated gene list for expanding the horizons of pigmentation biology","volume":"32","author":"Baxter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Melanoma Res"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1420-9101.1991.4010083.x","article-title":"Coming of age in fringillid birds: heterochrony in the ontogeny of secondary sexual characters","volume":"4","author":"Bj\u00f6rklund","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Evol Biol"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2114","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu170","article-title":"Trimmomatic: a flexible trimmer for illumina sequence data","volume":"30","author":"Bolger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e50906","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0050906","article-title":"Investigating the role of the melanocortin-1 receptor gene in an extreme case of microgeographical variation in the pattern of melanin-based plumage pigmentation.","volume":"7","author":"Bourgeois","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-7207(00)00415-9","article-title":"Evolution of 17\u03b2-HSD type 4, a multifunctional protein of \u03b2-oxidation","volume":"171","author":"Breitling","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol."},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20171106","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2017.1106","article-title":"Admixture mapping in a hybrid zone reveals loci associated with avian feather coloration","volume":"284","author":"Brelsford","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Biol Sci."},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1998.tb01849.x","article-title":"A phylogenetic perspective on the evolution of sexual dichromatism in tanagers (Thraupidae): the role of female versus male plumage","volume":"52","author":"Burns","year":"1998","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.6743907","article-title":"MAKER: an easy-to-use annotation pipeline designed for emerging model organism genomes","volume":"18","author":"Cantarel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1111\/age.13071","article-title":"Analysis of recently duplicated TYRP1 genes and their effect on the formation of black patches in Oujiang-color common carp (Cyprinus carpio var. color)","volume":"52","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim Genet."},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i884","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty560","article-title":"Fastp: an ultra-fast all-in-one FASTQ preprocessor","volume":"34","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.3390\/genes12101479","article-title":"MYO5A frameshift variant in a miniature dachshund with coat color dilution and neurological defects resembling human Griscelli syndrome type 1","volume":"12","author":"Christen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Genes (Basel)"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3417","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.2010.01136.x","article-title":"Sex linkage, sex-specific selection, and the role of recombination in the evolution of sexually dimorphic gene expression: sex linkage and sexual dimorphism","volume":"64","author":"Connallon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09859-7","article-title":"Sexual selection predicts the rate and direction of colour divergence in a large avian radiation","volume":"10","author":"Cooney","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4358","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-0834","article-title":"The ocular albinism type 1 (OA1) gene controls melanosome maturation and size","volume":"46","author":"Cortese","year":"2005","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.2007.00254.x","article-title":"The genetic basis of sexual dichromatism in birds","volume":"62","author":"Coyne","year":"2007","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15509","article-title":"The effects of life history and sexual selection on male and female plumage colouration","volume":"527","author":"Dale","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14609","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.723684","article-title":"Substrate specificity of purified recombinant chicken \u03b2-carotene 9\u2032,10\u2032-oxygenase (BCO2)","volume":"291","author":"Dela Se\u00f1a","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2435.12796","article-title":"The effect of colour-producing mechanisms on plumage sexual dichromatism in passerines and parrots.","volume":"31","author":"Delhey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Funct Ecol."},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0908-8857.2008.04164.x","article-title":"Season-, sex-, and age-specific accumulation of plasma carotenoid pigments in free-ranging white-winged crossbills Loxia leucoptera","volume":"39","author":"Deviche","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Avian Biol."},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts635","article-title":"STAR: ultrafast universal RNA-seq aligner","volume":"29","author":"Dobin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7007-5-40","article-title":"Faced with inequality: chicken do not have a general dosage compensation of sex-linked genes","volume":"5","author":"Ellegren","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Biol"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2021.09.085","article-title":"A multispecies BCO2 beak color polymorphism in the Darwin's finch radiation","volume":"31","author":"Enbody","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000010","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1000010","article-title":"Identification of the yellow skin gene reveals a hybrid origin of the domestic chicken","volume":"4","author":"Eriksson","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0b013e3282f9b54d","article-title":"Role of stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase in regulating lipid metabolism","volume":"19","author":"Flowers","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Opin Lipidol"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.13918\/j.issn.2095-8137.2016.3.144","article-title":"Expression levels of GSTA2 and APOD genes might be associated with carotenoid coloration in golden pheasant (Chrysolophus pictus) plumage","volume":"37","author":"Gao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Zool Res."},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aba0803","article-title":"A genetic mechanism for sexual dichromatism in birds","volume":"368","author":"Gazda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msaa006","article-title":"Genetic basis of de novo appearance of carotenoid ornamentation in bare parts of canaries.","volume":"37","author":"Gazda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol."},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B42","volume-title":"Moult in birds: BTO Guide 19","author":"Ginn","year":"1983"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1883","article-title":"Full-length transcriptome assembly from RNA-seq data without a reference genome","volume":"29","author":"Grabherr","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e21771","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.21771","article-title":"Lipid droplet biology and evolution illuminated by the characterization of a novel perilipin in teleost fish","volume":"6","author":"Granneman","year":"2017","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2022.2119204","article-title":"Mechanisms of carotenoid intestinal absorption and the regulation of dietary lipids: lipid transporter-mediated transintestinal epithelial pathways","volume":"64","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr."},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-9-476","article-title":"High-throughput cell-based screening reveals a role for ZNF131 as a repressor of ERalpha signaling","volume":"9","author":"Han","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1801046","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201801046","article-title":"Mechanisms of transport and delivery of vitamin A and carotenoids to the retinal pigment epithelium","volume":"63","author":"Harrison","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E127","DOI":"10.1086\/667861","article-title":"The vitamin A\u2013redox hypothesis: a biochemical basis for honest signaling via carotenoid pigmentation","volume":"180","author":"Hill","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am Nat."},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B49","volume-title":"Bird coloration, volume 1: mechanisms and measurements","author":"Hill","year":"2006"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B50","volume-title":"Bird coloration, volume 2: function and evolution","author":"Hill","year":"2006"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W123","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkt418","article-title":"WebAUGUSTUS\u2014a web service for training AUGUSTUS and predicting genes in eukaryotes","volume":"41","author":"Hoff","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1525\/auk.2008.07112","article-title":"Evolution of sexual dichromatism. 1. Convergent losses of elaborate female coloration in new world orioles (Icterus spp.)","volume":"125","author":"Hofmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Auk"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-12-491","article-title":"MAKER2: an annotation pipeline and genome-database management tool for second-generation genome projects","volume":"12","author":"Holt","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Bioinform"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2024.10.019","article-title":"Spread of yellow-bill-color alleles favored by selection in the long-tailed finch hybrid system","volume":"34","author":"Hooper","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Biol."},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.14874","article-title":"Sex chromosome inversions enforce reproductive isolation across an avian hybrid zone","volume":"28","author":"Hooper","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Ecol."},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1186\/s12862-015-0480-4","article-title":"Sex-linked genomic variation and its relationship to avian plumage dichromatism and sexual selection","volume":"15","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Evol Biol"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2010.02.002","article-title":"Vertebrate pigmentation: from underlying genes to adaptive function","volume":"26","author":"Hubbard","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Genet."},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D309","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky1085","article-title":"eggNOG 5.0: a hierarchical, functionally and phylogenetically annotated orthology resource based on 5090 organisms and 2502 viruses","volume":"47","author":"Huerta-Cepas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3885","article-title":"Data-driven hypothesis weighting increases detection power in genome-scale multiple testing","volume":"13","author":"Ignatiadis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1086\/285717","article-title":"The evolution of plumage dichromatism in the new world blackbirds: social selection on female brightness","volume":"144","author":"Irwin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am Nat."},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/arg041","article-title":"Assortative mating by multiple ornaments in northern cardinals (Cardinalis cardinalis)","volume":"14","author":"Jawor","year":"2003","journal-title":"Behav Ecol."},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0310.2003.00962.x","article-title":"Multiple ornaments in male northern cardinals, Cardinalis cardinalis, as indicators of condition","volume":"110","author":"Jawor","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ethology"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2003.05.015","article-title":"Multiple ornaments correlate with aspects of condition and behaviour in female northern cardinals, Cardinalis cardinalis","volume":"67","author":"Jawor","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anim Behav."},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.129387","article-title":"Deciphering scavenger receptors reveals key regulators in the intestine that function in carotenoid coloration of leopard coral groupers (Plectropomus leopardus)","volume":"260","author":"Jin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol."},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3030","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.686","article-title":"Different modes of evolution in males and females generate dichromatism in fairy-wrens (M aluridae)","volume":"3","author":"Johnson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ecol Evol."},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v070.i01","article-title":"missMDA: a package for handling missing values in multivariate data analysis","volume":"70","author":"Josse","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Stat Soft"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-9173-0_9","article-title":"Gemoma: homology-based gene prediction utilizing intron position conservation and RNA-Seq data","volume":"1962","author":"Keilwagen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msad056","article-title":"Testosterone coordinates gene expression across different tissues to produce carotenoid-based red ornamentation.","volume":"40","author":"Khalil","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol."},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1852","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09806-6","article-title":"Genetics and evidence for balancing selection of a sex-linked colour polymorphism in a songbird","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1086\/303228","article-title":"Evolution of avian plumage dichromatism from a proximate perspective","volume":"154","author":"Kimball","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am Nat."},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4970","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.15691","article-title":"CYP2J19 mediates carotenoid colour introgression across a natural avian hybrid zone","volume":"29","author":"Kirschel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Ecol."},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"jeb246980","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.246980","article-title":"Captivity affects mitochondrial aerobic respiration and carotenoid metabolism in the house finch (Haemorhous mexicanus)","volume":"227","author":"Koch","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e17744","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.17744","article-title":"Multiple pathways to red carotenoid coloration: house finches (Haemorhous mexicanus) do not use CYP2J19 to produce red plumage","volume":"34","author":"Koch","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol Ecol."},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-9-559","article-title":"WGCNA: an R package for weighted correlation network analysis","volume":"9","author":"Langfelder","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bmc Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2271","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/129.12.2271","article-title":"Review of animal models in carotenoid research","volume":"129","author":"Lee","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1038\/hdy.2011.93","article-title":"Candidate genes for colour and vision exhibit signals of selection across the pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) breeding range","volume":"108","author":"Lehtonen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Heredity (Edinb)."},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-12-323","article-title":"RSEM: accurate transcript quantification from RNA-seq data with or without a reference genome","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Bioinform"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1011693","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1011693","article-title":"Molecular insights into region-specific sexual dichromatism: comparative transcriptome analysis of red cheek pigmentation in zebra finches","volume":"21","author":"Lin","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2021.05.005","article-title":"Choline kinase alpha 2 acts as a protein kinase to promote lipolysis of lipid droplets","volume":"81","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2023.113328","article-title":"Cluster-determinant 36 (CD36) mediates intestinal absorption of dietary astaxanthin and affects its secretion","volume":"173","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Res Int"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14010093","article-title":"DNA methylation and transcriptome profiling reveal the role of the antioxidant pathway and lipid metabolism in Plectropomus leopardus skin color formation","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-11-47","article-title":"Neural expression and post-transcriptional dosage compensation of the steroid metabolic enzyme 17beta-HSD type 4","volume":"11","author":"London","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2016.03.076","article-title":"Genetic basis for red coloration in birds","volume":"26","author":"Lopes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Biol."},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0550-8","article-title":"Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-Seq data with DESeq2","volume":"15","author":"Love","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msae054","article-title":"Genetic basis and evolutionary forces of sexually dimorphic color variation in a toad-headed agamid lizard","volume":"41","author":"Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1007\/s00335-004-2455-4","article-title":"Chocolate coated cats: TYRP1 mutations for brown color in domestic cats","volume":"16","author":"Lyons","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mamm Genome"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1111\/evo.12912","article-title":"Selection, constraint, and the evolution of coloration in African starlings: selection, constraints and color evolution","volume":"70","author":"Maia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.2009.00618.x","article-title":"Sex-linkage of sexually antagonistic genes is predicted by female, but not male, effects in birds","volume":"63","author":"Mank","year":"2009","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2454","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1996.tb03631.x","article-title":"Sexual dichromatism in birds: importance of nest predation and nest location for females versus males","volume":"50","author":"Martin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2008.08.005","article-title":"The role of activins and follistatins in skin and hair follicle development and function","volume":"19","author":"McDowall","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1642\/0004-8038(2003)120[0400:DPCASC]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Diet, plasma carotenoids, and sexual coloration in the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata)","volume":"120","author":"McGraw","year":"2003","journal-title":"Auk"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1093\/condor\/105.3.587","article-title":"Carotenoid pigments in a mutant cardinal: implications for the genetic and enzymatic control mechanisms of carotenoid metabolism in birds","volume":"105","author":"McGraw","year":"2003","journal-title":"Condor."},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1086\/323797","article-title":"The influence of carotenoid acquisition and utilization on the maintenance of species-typical plumage pigmentation in male American goldfinches (Carduelis tristis) and northern cardinals (Cardinalis cardinalis)","volume":"74","author":"McGraw","year":"2001","journal-title":"Physiol Biochem Zool"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2020.12.012","article-title":"Decoding the evolution of melanin in vertebrates","volume":"36","author":"McNamara","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Ecol Evol."},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1236582","DOI":"10.3389\/fanim.2023.1236582","article-title":"Identification of polymorphisms in TYRP1, DCT and RAB38 genes and their association with coat color in alpacas","volume":"4","author":"Melo-Rojas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Anim Sci."},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2008.11.009","article-title":"TGF-beta targets PAX3 to control melanocyte differentiation","volume":"15","author":"Moustakas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2005.3107","article-title":"A window on the genetics of evolution: MC1R and plumage colouration in birds","volume":"272","author":"Mundy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Biol Sci"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2016.04.047","article-title":"Red carotenoid coloration in the Zebra finch is controlled by a cytochrome P450 gene cluster","volume":"26","author":"Mundy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Biol."},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e46854","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0046854","article-title":"Sex-biased gene expression on the avian Z chromosome: highly expressed genes show higher male-biased expression.","volume":"7","author":"Naurin","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.3390\/md21100514","article-title":"Astaxanthin: past, present, and future","volume":"21","author":"Nishida","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mar Drugs."},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17517","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.336354","article-title":"Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) modification of zinc finger protein 131 potentiates its negative effect on estrogen signaling","volume":"287","author":"Oh","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E28","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.90897.2008","article-title":"Biochemical and physiological function of stearoyl-CoA desaturase","volume":"297","author":"Paton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/ornithology\/ukag010","article-title":"Captivity negatively affects production of red carotenoid pigments in Cardinalis cardinalis (northern cardinal)","volume":"143","author":"Patton","year":"2026","journal-title":"Ornithology"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1676\/14-025.1","article-title":"Observations of a bilateral gynandromorph northern cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis)","volume":"126","author":"Peer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Wilson J Ornithol."},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B105","volume-title":"Fundamentals of color genetics in canaries: reproduction and control. Place of publication not identified","author":"Perez-Beato","year":"2008"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4617","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.13353","article-title":"Transcriptomics of colour patterning and coloration shifts in crows","volume":"24","author":"Poelstra","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Ecol."},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1186\/s12862-025-02459-8","article-title":"Evidence for the evolution of male and female cardinals\u2019 plumage colouration being affected by both natural and sexual selection","volume":"25","author":"Porzio","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Ecol Evo"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1093\/evolut\/qpad201","article-title":"Losses of sexual dichromatism involve rapid changes in female plumage colors to match males in New World blackbirds.","volume":"78","author":"Price","year":"2024","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adw5857","article-title":"Hidden white and black feather layers enhance plumage coloration in tanagers and other songbirds","volume":"11","author":"Price-Waldman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Adv."},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B110","first-page":"1","article-title":"Molt limits in North American passerines","volume":"22","author":"Pyle","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Am Bird Bander"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70084","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.70084","article-title":"Biochemical and genomic underpinnings of carotenoid colour variation across a hybrid zone between south Asian flameback woodpeckers","volume":"34","author":"Ranasinghe","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol Ecol"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B112","author":"R Core Team","year":"2023"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp616","article-title":"Edger: a bioconductor package for differential expression analysis of digital gene expression data","volume":"26","author":"Robinson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D20","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae979","article-title":"Database resources of the national center for biotechnology information in 2025","volume":"53","author":"Sayers","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0408455102","article-title":"Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling controls hair pigmentation by means of cross-talk with the melanocortin receptor-1 pathway","volume":"102","author":"Sharov","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1111\/evo.13196","article-title":"The role of sexual and natural selection in shaping patterns of sexual dichromatism in the largest family of songbirds (Aves: Thraupidae)","volume":"71","author":"Shultz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20150375","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2015.0375","article-title":"Migration and the evolution of sexual dichromatism: evolutionary loss of female coloration with migration among wood-warblers","volume":"282","author":"Simpson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Biol Sci"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3541","DOI":"10.1534\/g3.120.401373","article-title":"De novo assembly of the northern cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) genome reveals candidate regulatory regions for sexually dichromatic red plumage coloration","volume":"10","author":"Sin","year":"2020","journal-title":"G3"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2011.414","article-title":"Sema4D, the ligand for plexin B1, suppresses c-Met activation and migration and promotes melanocyte survival and growth","volume":"132","author":"Soong","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W435","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkl200","article-title":"AUGUSTUS: ab initio prediction of alternative transcripts","volume":"34","author":"Stanke","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.4218","article-title":"PANTHER\u202f: making genome-scale phylogenetics accessible to all","volume":"31","author":"Thomas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Protein Sci."},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2016.06.034","article-title":"Plumage genes and little else distinguish the genomes of hybridizing warblers","volume":"26","author":"Toews","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Biol."},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2017.01.002","article-title":"The evolution and genetics of carotenoid processing in animals","volume":"33","author":"Toews","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Genet."},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2013.05.017","article-title":"17\u03b2-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type IV, a Z-linked gene, is higher in females than in males in visual and auditory regions of developing zebra finches","volume":"1520","author":"Tomaszycki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e15675","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.15675","article-title":"Complementary shifts in photoreceptor spectral tuning unlock the full adaptive potential of ultraviolet vision in birds","volume":"5","author":"Toomey","year":"2016","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5219","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1700751114","article-title":"High-density lipoprotein receptor SCARB1 is required for carotenoid coloration in birds","volume":"114","author":"Toomey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20181788","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2018.1788","article-title":"A non-coding region near Follistatin controls head colour polymorphism in the Gouldian finch","volume":"285","author":"Toomey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Biol Sci."},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2022.08.013","article-title":"A mechanism for red coloration in vertebrates","volume":"32","author":"Toomey","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Biol."},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2025.159654","article-title":"Substrates, intermediates, and products of avian ketocarotenoid metabolism","volume":"1870","author":"Toomey","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.14451","article-title":"Expression of a carotenoid-modifying gene and evolution of red coloration in weaverbirds (Ploceidae)","volume":"27","author":"Twyman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Ecol."},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-16-1490-3_2","volume-title":"Pigments, pigment cells and pigment patterns","author":"Wakamatsu","year":"2021"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2011.0765","article-title":"Candidate genes for carotenoid coloration in vertebrates and their expression profiles in the carotenoid-containing plumage and bill of a wild bird","volume":"279","author":"Walsh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Biol Sci."},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-022-08932-8","article-title":"ELOVL gene family plays a virtual role in response to breeding selection and lipid deposition in different tissues in chicken (Gallus gallus)","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7593","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-11681-z","article-title":"Functional divergence of the pigmentation gene melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) in six endemic Macaca species on Sulawesi Island","volume":"12","author":"Yan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e21261","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201903141RR","article-title":"Novel mutations in the Myo5a gene cause a dilute coat color phenotype in mice","volume":"35","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2016.1268302","article-title":"Acetylation targets HSD17B4 for degradation via the CMA pathway in response to estrone","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"2026082105262343400_evag201-B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102691","article-title":"Detection of CD36 gene polymorphism associated with chicken carcass traits and skin yellowness","volume":"102","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Poult Sci"}],"container-title":["Genome Biology and Evolution"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/gbe\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/gbe\/evag201\/70605282\/evag201.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/gbe\/article-pdf\/18\/8\/evag201\/70605282\/evag201.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/gbe\/article-pdf\/18\/8\/evag201\/70605282\/evag201.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T09:26:32Z","timestamp":1787304392000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/gbe\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/gbe\/evag201\/8758528"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Carina","family":"Mugal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"references-count":137,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gbe\/evag201","relation":{},"ISSN":["1759-6653"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1759-6653","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"article-number":"evag201"}}