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However, the molecular basis of its brain regulation\u2014particularly post-transcriptional regulation\u2014remains poorly understood. Perissodus microlepis, a textbook example in evolutionary biology and an endemic scale-eating cichlid fish from Lake Tanganyika, displays pronounced lateralized feeding behavior that is complemented by its asymmetric head, by which it bites the scales preferentially from only one side or the other side of its prey. Based on data from two previous studies, we investigated the patterns of alternative splicing\u2014an important yet understudied regulatory mechanism\u2014across multiple brain regions in both resting and predatory states of L-eft or the R-ight morphs of this species. We found that the telencephalon, the cognitive center of the vertebrate brain, shows enrichment in functions related to microtubule and neural development in both states. Compared to the resting state, brain regions in the predatory state exhibited more consistent functional profiles, exhibiting pronounced enrichment in the nervous system. We identified several genes whose proportion of alternatively spliced transcripts was strongly correlated with behavioral laterality, establishing a potentially causal link between alternative splicing and handedness. Our findings underscore the significant role of alternative splicing in important adaptive traits, such as lateralized behavior and present a set of candidate genes for further investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/gbe\/evag237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T11:45:51Z","timestamp":1790941551000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Lateralized Gene Splicing in the Brain is Associated With Lateralized Feeding Behavior in an Asymmetrical Scale-eating Cichlid Fish"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3858-9300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaomeng","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Konstanz , Konstanz ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0888-8193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Axel","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Konstanz , Konstanz ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University , Cambridge, MA ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510301 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026100804380178400_evag237-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07487-w","article-title":"Accurate structure prediction of biomolecular interactions with AlphaFold 3","volume":"630","author":"Abramson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026100804380178400_evag237-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-arplant-083123-090055","article-title":"Alternative splicing dynamics in plant adaptive responses to stress","volume":"76","author":"Alhabsi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Annu Rev Plant Biol"},{"key":"2026100804380178400_evag237-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1134\/s002689331705003x","article-title":"Differential alternative splicing in brain regions of rats selected for aggressive behavior","volume":"51","author":"Babenko","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Biol."},{"key":"2026100804380178400_evag237-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.genom.7.080505.115610","article-title":"The ciliopathies: an emerging class of human genetic disorders","volume":"7","author":"Badano","year":"2006","journal-title":"Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet"},{"key":"2026100804380178400_evag237-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1230612","article-title":"The evolutionary landscape of alternative splicing in vertebrate species","volume":"338","author":"Barbosa-Morais","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026100804380178400_evag237-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1159\/000113351","article-title":"Phenotypic specification of hindbrain rhombomeres and the origins of rhythmic circuits in vertebrates","volume":"50","author":"Bass","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain Behav Evol"},{"key":"2026100804380178400_evag237-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10688","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-36862-2","article-title":"Single cell RNA analysis of the left-right organizer transcriptome reveals potential novel heterotaxy genes","volume":"13","author":"Bellchambers","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026100804380178400_evag237-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2021.105239","article-title":"Laterality and fish welfare - 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